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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. For a time, the Hubble telescope was the brunt of jokes and subject to the wrath of those who believed the U.S. government had spent too much money on space projects that served no valid purpose. The Hubble was sent into orbit with a satellite by the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990 amid huge hype and expectation. Yet after it was in position, it simply did not work, because the primary mirror was misshapen. It was not until 1993 that the crew of the Shuttle Endeavor arrived like roadside mechanics, opened the hatch that was installed for the purpose, and replaced the defective mirror with a good one. Suddenly, all that had originally been expected came true. The Hubble telescope was indeed the “window on the universe,” as it had originally been dubbed. When you look deep into space, you are actually looking back through time, because even though light travels at 186,000 miles a second, it requires time to get from one place to another. In fact, it is said that in some cases, the Hubble telescope is looking back eleven billion years to see galaxies already forming. The distant galaxies are speeding away from Earth, some traveling at the speed of light. Hubble has viewed exploding stars such as the Eta Carinae, which clearly displayed clouds of gas and dust billowing outward from its poles at 1.5 million miles an hour. Prior to Hubble, it was visible from traditional telescopes on earth, but its details were not ascertainable. But now, the evidence of the explosion is obvious. The star still burns five million times brighter than the sun and illuminates clouds from the inside. Hubble has also provided a close look at black holes, which are described as cosmic drains. Gas and dust swirl around the drain and are slowly sucked in by the incredible gravity. It has also looked into an area that looked empty to the naked eye and, within a region the size of a grain of sand, located layer upon layer of galaxies, with each galaxy consisting of billions of stars. The Hubble telescope was named after Edwin Hubble, a 1920s astronomer who developed a formula that expresses the proportional relationship of distances between clusters of galaxies and the speeds at which they travel. Astronomers use stars known as Cepheid variables to measure distances in space. These stars dim and brighten from time to time, and they are photographed over time and charted. All the discoveries made by Hubble have allowed astronomers to learn more about the formation of early galaxies.The author states that the Hubble was not always popular because__________ .
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Fill in the appropriate word in question 30 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the (26) ______ of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little (27) ______ than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you (28) _____ the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming (29) ______ , your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you (30) ______. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Fill in the appropriate word in question 29 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the (26) ______ of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little (27) ______ than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you (28) _____ the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming (29) ______ , your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you (30) ______. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Fill in the appropriate word in question 28 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the (26) ______ of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little (27) ______ than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you (28) _____ the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming (29) ______ , your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you (30) ______. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Fill in the appropriate word in question 27 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the (26) ______ of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little (27) ______ than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you (28) _____ the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming (29) ______ , your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you (30) ______. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Fill in the appropriate word in question 26 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the (26) ______ of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day. There are four levels of sleep, each being a little (27) ______ than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you (28) _____ the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other. Although your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming (29) ______ , your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement. If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you (30) ______. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Panel painting, common in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a painstaking, laborious process. Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering of these meticulously applied paints produced the final translucent colors.Backgrounds or gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and then embellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern had been embossed . Every step in the process was slow and deliberate. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was, therefore, an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areas of color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works.Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demanded assistance. All such work was done by collective enterprise in the workshops. The painter or master who is credited withhaving created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the gold. Thus, not only many hands, but also many shops were involved in the final product. In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation, many panel paintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.The word “imitate” is closest in meaning to ________ .
Read the passage and choose the best answerExcept for a few unfortunate individuals, no law in this world can go against the fact that for most of us our family is an essential part of our lives. The moment you enter this cruel world, where each man is for himself, there are some near and dear ones out there who will do anything to ensure your happiness.We are nothing more than a vulnerable and fragile object, without someone taking care of us on our arrival in this world. Despite all the odds, your family will take care of your wellbeing, and try their best to provide you the greatest comforts in the worled. No one out there, except your family must forgive the endless number of mistakes you may make in your life. Apart from teaching you forgive and forget lessons, they are always there for you, when you need them the most.Family is the only place where children study a lot after school. In school, teachers teach children about the subjects which will help them to find a good job in future. But at home, parents teach children about good habits. They are not only the elements which help the children to shape their personalities but they also prepare them a suitable and bright future.A good family makes a greater society. Father, mother, and children have to work in order to build a strong family. If any one of them fails, the whole family may collapse. The good name of the whole family can be ruined by a single member of the family. In order to avoid that unhappy scenario, every family member has to work hard and try their best. As a result, they will set good examples for the whole society. Families have a powerful impact on society and societies create countries.In the writer's opinion,______.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Panel painting, common in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a painstaking, laborious process. Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering of these meticulously applied paints produced the final translucent colors.Backgrounds or gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and then embellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern had been embossed . Every step in the process was slow and deliberate. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was, therefore, an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areas of color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works.Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demanded assistance. All such work was done by collective enterprise in the workshops. The painter or master who is credited withhaving created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the gold. Thus, not only many hands, but also many shops were involved in the final product. In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation, many panel paintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.The “collective enterprise” mentioned includes all of the following EXCEPT_______.
Read the passage and choose the best answerExcept for a few unfortunate individuals, no law in this world can go against the fact that for most of us our family is an essential part of our lives. The moment you enter this cruel world, where each man is for himself, there are some near and dear ones out there who will do anything to ensure your happiness.We are nothing more than a vulnerable and fragile object, without someone taking care of us on our arrival in this world. Despite all the odds, your family will take care of your wellbeing, and try their best to provide you the greatest comforts in the worled. No one out there, except your family must forgive the endless number of mistakes you may make in your life. Apart from teaching you forgive and forget lessons, they are always there for you, when you need them the most.Family is the only place where children study a lot after school. In school, teachers teach children about the subjects which will help them to find a good job in future. But at home, parents teach children about good habits. They are not only the elements which help the children to shape their personalities but they also prepare them a suitable and bright future.A good family makes a greater society. Father, mother, and children have to work in order to build a strong family. If any one of them fails, the whole family may collapse. The good name of the whole family can be ruined by a single member of the family. In order to avoid that unhappy scenario, every family member has to work hard and try their best. As a result, they will set good examples for the whole society. Families have a powerful impact on society and societies create countries.To children, family plays a role in_____.
Read the passage and choose the best answerExcept for a few unfortunate individuals, no law in this world can go against the fact that for most of us our family is an essential part of our lives. The moment you enter this cruel world, where each man is for himself, there are some near and dear ones out there who will do anything to ensure your happiness.We are nothing more than a vulnerable and fragile object, without someone taking care of us on our arrival in this world. Despite all the odds, your family will take care of your wellbeing, and try their best to provide you the greatest comforts in the worled. No one out there, except your family must forgive the endless number of mistakes you may make in your life. Apart from teaching you forgive and forget lessons, they are always there for you, when you need them the most.Family is the only place where children study a lot after school. In school, teachers teach children about the subjects which will help them to find a good job in future. But at home, parents teach children about good habits. They are not only the elements which help the children to shape their personalities but they also prepare them a suitable and bright future.A good family makes a greater society. Father, mother, and children have to work in order to build a strong family. If any one of them fails, the whole family may collapse. The good name of the whole family can be ruined by a single member of the family. In order to avoid that unhappy scenario, every family member has to work hard and try their best. As a result, they will set good examples for the whole society. Families have a powerful impact on society and societies create countries.The word ruined in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to______.