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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES
People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.
In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.
These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.
Why was the device to track eye movement needed?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27. Fill in the appropriate word in question 23
What make a good souvenir?
On my desk at home, I have a collection of souvenirs; objects that remind me of places I’ve visited and important events in my life. These objects include a model boat that I saw being carved from a piece of wood on a Caribbean island, a piece of lava that emerged hot from a volcano in the year I was bom, and a shell (23) _____________ on my favourite childhood beach.
Unlike everything else, from which memory and detail fades, it is as if the longer you hold on to certain objects, the (24)_____________ their associations with the past become, and the sharper the recollections that gather around them. They are, (25) _____________ , real souvenirs, encapsulations not only of the place, but of your time in the place. But these days, the term “real souvenirs” sounds like a contradiction in terms, and this is because the objects sold to tourists as souvenirs are often cheap mass-produced imports that have nothing to do with the place at all.
It’s often the (26) _____________ that the best souvenirs, like my shell, are found rather than purchased, but browsing for souvenirs can also be a fun holiday activity. But if you are buying souvenirs on holiday this summer, make sure they (27) _____________ the reality test. A good souvenir is not just made in the area where it is bought, it also says something about the culture of that area. It is something made by local people using sustainable local materials, and because you are effectively supporting the local economy, it shouldn’t come too cheap, either.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45.
PHOBIAS CONTROL THE EYES
People with an overpowering fear of something may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture that provokes that fear. Those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can. To reach this finding, 26 college students - half of whom had arachnophobia - were outfitted with a device that tracks eye movements. The participants were then shown a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.
In one trial, the students were asked to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second, the students were asked to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms. When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider - causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, when the students were asked to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the non-phobic students.
These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control. This suggests that treatments that focus on conscious thought processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could focus on treatments such as systematic desensitization.
What is the main idea of the passage?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 65.
Getting fit and slim
You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of US who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.
Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals — a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but theft use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don’t expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you’ve failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It’s fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.
You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three- hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it ‘selfish time’ that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital ‘self-care’ time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.
Which headline would best suit the text?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 65.
Getting fit and slim
You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of US who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.
Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals — a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but theft use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don’t expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you’ve failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It’s fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.
You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three- hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it ‘selfish time’ that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital ‘self-care’ time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.
In order to continue a successful fitness programme
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 65.
Getting fit and slim
You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of US who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.
Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals — a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but theft use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don’t expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you’ve failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It’s fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.
You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three- hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it ‘selfish time’ that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital ‘self-care’ time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.
People tend to give up a fitness regime because
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 65.
Getting fit and slim
You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of US who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.
Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals — a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but theft use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don’t expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you’ve failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It’s fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.
You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three- hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it ‘selfish time’ that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital ‘self-care’ time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.
How would you describe this text?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 65.
Getting fit and slim
You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of US who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.
Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals — a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but theft use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don’t expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you’ve failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It’s fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.
You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three- hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it ‘selfish time’ that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital ‘self-care’ time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.
Where might this text be found?
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 66 to 75.
Sudoku
Are you a fan of the popular logical puzzle that (66) x by the name Sudoku? Even if you’re not, the chances are you know somebody who is. Once (67) x known outside Japan, this addictive brain teaser has become a common feature of newspaper puzzle pages all over the world.
Sudoku’s great success (68) x much to its simplicity. The game (69) x for neither mathematical ability nor (70) x knowledge and there are just a few sentences of straightforward instructions to read before you can play. The only skill required is the ability to recognize the difference between nine different symbols, and these don’t even have to be numbers.
Some clever marketing has helped the game. Western newspapers worked hard at promoting the game. Without this, it is unlikely that it would have (71) x off and become quite such a runaway success. The same also (72) x from its Japanese name that made people in many parts of the world (73) x . It as a superior kind of puzzle compared to those you usually find in newspapers and magazines.
But the popularity of Sudoku reached a peak in 2006, if the number of (74) x on one leading website is anything to go by. Newspapers responded by (75) x up with new kinds of logical puzzles, all with simple rules and Japanese names. But for true Sudoku fans, only the real thing will do.
Điền vào ô 75
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 66 to 75.
Sudoku
Are you a fan of the popular logical puzzle that (66) x by the name Sudoku? Even if you’re not, the chances are you know somebody who is. Once (67) x known outside Japan, this addictive brain teaser has become a common feature of newspaper puzzle pages all over the world.
Sudoku’s great success (68) x much to its simplicity. The game (69) x for neither mathematical ability nor (70) x knowledge and there are just a few sentences of straightforward instructions to read before you can play. The only skill required is the ability to recognize the difference between nine different symbols, and these don’t even have to be numbers.
Some clever marketing has helped the game. Western newspapers worked hard at promoting the game. Without this, it is unlikely that it would have (71) x off and become quite such a runaway success. The same also (72) x from its Japanese name that made people in many parts of the world (73) x . It as a superior kind of puzzle compared to those you usually find in newspapers and magazines.
But the popularity of Sudoku reached a peak in 2006, if the number of (74) x on one leading website is anything to go by. Newspapers responded by (75) x up with new kinds of logical puzzles, all with simple rules and Japanese names. But for true Sudoku fans, only the real thing will do.
Điền vào ô 74