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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.      In 2011, on the popular American TV quiz show, Jeopardy!, two champions competed against a brand new opponent. Both Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter had won millions of dollars on Jeopardy!. Jennings once won 74 games in a row, the most ever. Then Rutter beat him in a tournament and set a new record for the most money won on Jeopardy!. Their new opponent, Watson, had never appeared on the game show and had only played practice games before, in which he often got answers wrong.      However, Watson isn't human. He, or rather it, is a machine, a wonder of technology made by researchers at IBM. In the game, Watson used math to decide on an answer. When a question was read out, Watson was immediately given the same question in electronic form. It analyzed the question and searched its memory bank - about the same as one million books of information - for possible answers. It then narrowed the options down to one answer. If Watson felt around 75 percent confident about the answer, it would answer the question.      The way Watson thinks is very different from the way humans think. People often make decisions by listening to their emotions and feelings, even if they are unsure of the answer. As a computer, Watson couldn't do this. People also watch and listen to those around them. Watson was not able to “listen” to the wrong answers given by his competitors. In one question, Jennings answered the question incorrectly and Watson later answered with the same wrong answer. Watson also made silly mistakes. In a question in the category U.S. Cities, Watson incorrectly answered Toronto, even though the city of Toronto is in Canada. An IBM researcher said Watson got confused because it saw in its memory bank that the U.S. is often called America. Toronto is considered a North American city, so that was the answer that Watson gave.      Still, Watson defeated his human opponents somewhat easily and received the $1 million prize. The other players also won money for participating in the special game. Everyone left the game happy, as each player was earning money for different charities. What best serves as the title for the passage?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.      Over the past 600 years, English has grown from a language of few speakers to become the dominant language of international communication. English as we know it today emerged around 1350, after having incorporated many elements of French that were introduced following the Norman invasion of 1066. Until the 1600s, English was, for the most part, spoken only in England and had not extended even as far as two centuries. English began to spread around the globe as a result of exploration, trade (including slave trade), colonization, and missionary work. Thus, small enclaves of English speakers became established and grew in various parts of the world. As these communities proliferated, English gradually became the primary language of international business, banking and diplomacy.       Currently, about 80 percent of the information stored on computer systems worldwide is English. Two thirds of the world's science writing is in English, and English is the main language of technology, advertising, media, international airports, and air traffic controllers - Today there are more than 700 million English users in the world, and over half of these are nonnative speakers, constituting the largest number of nonnative users than any other language in the world. What is the main topic of this passage?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42  THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON PRICING      Advertising makes an immense difference in the popularity of a product. Studies have shown that consumers usually pay more for advertised products than non-advertised products. As a result, the marketing and advertising industry is a multibillion-dollar-a-year business. Local commercials can cost as little as several hundred dollars to products, while national companies have been known to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on a single commercial. Interestingly, the source of these expensive commercials is the consumers who view the advertisements from the comfort of their living room. Companies influence the prices that consumers pay in two ways.       When consumers purchase any products, they are obviously paying for the cost of manufacturing the product. However, they are also paying for the advertising campaign devised to convince consumers to buy the product. The more costly the advertising campaign, the higher the price paid by consumers. Companies are allowed to set these high prices because consumers have shown that they will continue to pay them. For instance, a multinational chain of coffee shops significantly raised its prices a few years ago, due in no small part to an expensive national advertising campaign. While regular customers noticed and were not fond of the hike, one was quoted as saying, “I doubt it will make an impact [on consumers]. It won’t change my habit.” Indeed, it did not, the company experienced record sales in spite of the fact its prices were higher than its competitors’.       Another way advertising tends to affect product pricing is seen in the arena of perceived value to the consumers. The perceived value is the worth that consumers assign to a product. Studies show that often the advertising for a product determines its value more than the quality or necessity of the product itself. One way a company may take advantage of this perceived value is by running commercials during prime time. These ads are usually much more expensive than others. For example, a national commercial that ran during a popular American show cost close to $745,000 to run for thirty seconds. If people watching the show perceive that the product is more valuable simply because it was advertised during prime time, they are often willing to pay higher prices. So, whether it is seen in the cost of the commercials or the advertiser-assigned value, it is obvious that advertising drives product pricing and directly affects consumers.  The author mentions commercials running during prime time in order to ____.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.      The invention of the mobile phone has undoubtedly revolutionized the way people communicate and in fluenced every aspect of our lives. The issue is whether this technological innovation has (26) _________ more harm than good. In order to answer the question, we must first turn to the types of Presumably, most parents (27) _________ are always worrying about their children's safety buy mobile phones for them to track their whereabouts. We can also assume that most teenagers want mobile phones to avoid missing out on social contact. In this context, the advantages are clear. (28) _____________, we cannot deny the fact that text messages have been used by bullies to intimidate fellow students. There is also (29) ___________ evidence that texting has affected literacy skills.      The widespread use of mobile phone has, out of question, affected adult consumers too. What employee, on the way home from work, would be reluctant to answer a call from their boss? Apparently, only 18% of us, according to a survey, are willing to switch off our mobile phones once we've left the office.       Admittedly, mobile phones can be intrusive but there are obvious benefits to possessing one. Personally speaking, they are invaluable when it comes to making social or business arrangements at short (30) ______. They also provide their owners with a sense of security in emergency situations.

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