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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 43

Xem chi tiết 616 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 42

Xem chi tiết 701 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators, they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed, old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation - he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up - to - date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590 - mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment." (TOEFL Readings)What can be inferred from the passage about the United States Air Force in 1938?

Xem chi tiết 2.6 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word “scores” most likely mean _______ .

Xem chi tiết 517 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 41

Xem chi tiết 625 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 40

Xem chi tiết 4.1 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 39

Xem chi tiết 0.9 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 38

Xem chi tiết 0.9 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word “composed” is closest in meaning to _______ .

Xem chi tiết 745 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators, they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed, old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation - he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up - to - date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590 - mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment." (TOEFL Readings)According to the passage, women pilots were successful in all of the following EXCEPT _______.

Xem chi tiết 504 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 37

Xem chi tiết 1 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 36

Xem chi tiết 749 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (35)______many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risks (36) ______accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (37)______is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (38)______ the laws. In addition, drives could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (39) ______as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (40) ______to windscreen of the car.Another ways of (41) ______with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and passengers then use a special bus service for the (42) ______stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (43) ______is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (44) _______at an acceptable level.Điền vào ô 35

Xem chi tiết 724 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The passage mainly discusses music that was _______ .

Xem chi tiết 2.2 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.No sooner had the first intrepid male aviators safely returned to Earth than it seemed that women, too, had been smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators, they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so they enlarged the traditional bounds of a women's world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation.But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to a friend. "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed, old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne-herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation - he was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up - to - date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet they did compete, and often they triumphed finally despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590 - mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1916, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero Club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just purely for the love of accomplishment." (TOEFL Readings)Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

Xem chi tiết 4.5 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company?

Xem chi tiết 830 lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early 1900's?

Xem chi tiết 2.1 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word “them” refers to _______ .

Xem chi tiết 1.1 K lượt xem 6 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indicationsof mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915. It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared around _______ .

Xem chi tiết 1.6 K lượt xem 6 năm trước