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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]Which of the following statements would the author most probably support?

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]In which space (marked A, B, C and D in the passage) will the following sentence fit? “The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered.” 

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]What does the author mean when stating that certain inventions made farming “capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive” (lines 22-23)?

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]The word “Others” in line 19 refers to ______.

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]The word “lured” in line 18 is closest in meaning to______.

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Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60.Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine 

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for the industrial growth in the United States before 1914?

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Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60.Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption. In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?  

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Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60.Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_________ 

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]Blacksmiths, silversmiths, and candle makers are mentioned in lines 5-6 as examples of artisans who ______.

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Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60.Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the patients.In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing.Another example of folk medicine which scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that aids healing.It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime 

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo.Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly   skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]What was true in the United States economy in the early 19thcentury?

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BÀI ĐỌC DÀIĐọc đoạn văn và trả lời 10 câu hỏi kèm theo. Line5    10    15   20      25In  the  early  1800’s,  over  80  percent  of  the  United  States labor  force  was  engaged  in agriculture.  Sophisticated  technology  and machinery  were  virtually  nonexistent.  People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle or otherwise  produced  needed  goods  and  commodities.  Blacksmiths,  silversmiths,  candle makers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family.[A] Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several economic  factors.  First,  industry  requires  an  abundance  of  natural  resources,  especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent.  Second,  factories  demand  a  large  labor  supply. Between  the  1870’s  and  the First  World  War  (1914-1918),  approximately  23  million  immigrants  streamed  to  the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.[B]  Factories  also  offered  a  reprieve  from  the  backbreaking  work  and  financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,  were lured to  the  cities  by  promises  of  steady  employment,  regular  paychecks, increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others were pushed  there  when  new  technologies  made their  labor  cheap  or expendable;  inventions such  as  steel  plows  and  mechanized  harvesters  allowed  one  farmhand  to  perform  work that  previously  had  required  several,  thus  making  farming capital-intensive  rather  than labor-intensive.[C] Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods at less expense [D]What aspect of life in the United States does the passage mainly discuss?

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