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Read the article and look at the statements below it. Write Yes if the statement agrees with the opinion in the text and No if it contradicts them.
COMPUTER AND TECHONOLOGY
Has the present lived up to the expectations of the past? Throughout the ages people have tried to predict what life in the twenty-first century would be like. Many science-fiction writers did manage to predict the influence of the computer would have on our world. Some even imagined that it would take over our lives, develop a personality, and turn on its creators.
To some extent they were right, especially when it comes to children and cyber addiction. One constant prediction was that, thanks to computers and machines, the time devoted to labour would diminish. Even in 1971, in his book Future Shock, Alvin Toffler envisaged a society awash with 'free time'. The author noted that time at work had been cut in half since the turn of the previous century and wrongly speculated that it would be cut in half again by 2000.
However, our gadget-filled homes are a tribute to the various visions of the future: the microwave oven, internet fridges with ice-cube dispensers, freezers, video monitors, climate control, dishwashers, washing machines, personal computers, wireless connections and cupboards full of instant food. These may no longer be considered cutting-edge but they have matched, if not surpassed, visions of how we would live. The domestic robot never quite happened, but if you can phone ahead to set the heating and use a remote control to operate the garage door, they may as well be redundant.
The car, of course, has failed to live up to our expectations. It has been given turbo engines, DVD players and automatic windows, but its tyres stick stubbornly to the road. Why doesn't it take off? The past promised us a flying car in various guises. In 1947 a prototype circled San Diego for more than an hour but later crashed in the desert. Some 30 patents for flying cars were registered in the US patent office last century but none of these ideas has been transformed into a commercially available vehicle.
At least communication technology in this digital age hasn't let us down. Even in the most remote areas people have access to some form of communication device. The introduction of the telephone last century changed our world, but today's mobile phones and the virtual world of the Internet have revolutionised it.
Question 26: A modern problem proves that computers are dominating our lives in some way.
Question 27: Alan Toffler's predictions have been proven true.
Question 28: Household gadgets today have been a disappointment.
Question 29: We have enough gadgets now to make robots unnecessary in the home.
Question 30: Today's cars have fulfilled all predictions.
Question 31: The mobile phone and the Internet have changed our world for the better.
Read the text about urbanisation. Based on the information in the text, decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG). Tick the boxes.
Urbanisation programmes are being carried out in many parts of the world, especially in densely populated regions with limited land and resources. It is the natural outcome of economic development and industrialisation. It has brought a lot of benefits to our society. However, it also poses various problems for local authorities and town planners in the process of maintaining sustainable urbanisation, especially in developing countries.
When too many people cram into a small area, urban infrastructure can't be effective. There will be a lack of livable housing, energy and water supply. This will create overcrowded urban districts with no proper facilities.
Currently, fast urbanisation is taking place predominantly in developing countries where sustainable urbanisation has little relevance to people's lives. Their houses are just shabby slums with poor sanitation. Their children only manage to get basic education. Hence, the struggle for survival is their first priority rather than anything else. Only when the quality of their existence is improved, can they seek for other high values in their life.
Thus, sustainable urbanisation in different regions should start from different levels. For more developed regions, the focus could be on achieving a more sustainable urban life. But for less developed regions, urban development should really start with the provision of the basic human needs such as sufficient energy, clean water, housing with proper sanitation, and access to effective social infrastructure.
Question 27: Urbanisation is the natural product of economic development and industrialisation. _____
Question 28: The advantages of urbanisation outweigh its disadvantages. _____
Question 29: Slum dwellers in developing countries understand the meaning of sustainable urbanisation. ______
Question 30: The struggle for survival is the most important thing for poor people in developing countries. ______
Question 31: Different regions should deal with different tasks to achieve sustainable urbanisation. _____