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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. INFLUENCE OF TELEVISION Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made. Television, although not essential, has become (1)______ intergral part of most people’s life. It has become a baby-sitter, an initiator of conversation, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of traditions. Yet what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer. The poor quality of programming does not elevate people into greater (2) _______, but rather maintains and encourages the status. The (3) _______ reason for the lack of quality in America beaan with the radio. TV in American began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with TV. Therefore, the close relationship, which the advertisers had with radio programs become the system for American TV. Sponsors not only pay money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, (4)_____ from the capitalistic, profit- oriented sector of American society, TV is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society (5)_____ than innovating and experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible; to do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than challenging. TV in America today remains, to a large extent with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for some evolution and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. The first question we might ask is: What can you learn in college that will help you in being an employee? The schools teach a great many things of value to the future accountant, doctor or electrician. Do they also teach anything of value to the future employee? Yes, they teach the one thing that it is perhaps most valuable for the future employee to know. But very few students bother (1) ______ it. This basic is the skill ability to organize and express ideas in writing and in speaking. This means that your success as an employee will depend on your ability to communicate, with people and to present your own thoughts and ideas to them so they will (2) ________ understand what you are driving at and be persuaded. Of course, skill in expression is not enough (3) _______ itself. You must have something to say in the first place. The effectiveness of your job depends (4) _______ your ability to make other people understand your work as they do on the quality of the work itself. Expressing one's thoughts is one skill that the school can really teach. The foundations for skill in expression have to be laid early: an interest in and an ear for language; experience in organizing ideas and data, in brushing aside the irrelevant, and above all the habit of verbal expression. If you do not lay these foundations (5) ________ your school years, you may never have an opportunity again.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increased, the number of potential listeners declined and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whateverits virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialised readership on the other. By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied. Reading aloud was more common in the medieval world because ______.

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