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Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each gap to complete the following passage.       More than a billion people all over the world are (1)                   the threat ofdesert expansion, but few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and arealso its (2)       .People cut (3)             trees for fuel and farmland.Their herd eat (4)     the grass covering valley floors and hillsides. Theclimate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forests are turned into (5) .       In some places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand buried their houses and crops. Therefore, government in nearby areashave had local people (6)            trees and banned burning firewood for fuel.Many techniques have been (7)                . For example, in Iran, a thin covering of oil was poured on sandy areas to retain (8)                     for planting trees, butthis method may harm the environment. Other countries built long canals or pipelines (9)                    water to desert areas.       Unless people find more (10)                   methods, their homes and land willbe lost. The last against the desert is continuing. More than a billion people all over the world are (1)                   the threat ofdesert expansion, but few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and arealso its (2)       .

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Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. London’s Tower Bridge       London’s Tower Bridge is one of the most famous (1)                            in the world. Thebridge, designed (2)                    (by) the architect Horace Jones together with JohnWolfe Barry, was finally completed in 1894. It (3)                            11,000 tons of steel to build the framework of the 265-meter-long bridge. Over time, the bridge has become one of London’s most famous (4)                        .       (5)                          photographs of the Tower Bridge is a favorite London tourist activity,but you can also go inside the bridge, (6)                                  you’ll have a magnificentview over London from the walkway (7)              the two bridge towers.       In 2014, glass floors were installed in the walkways, giving visitors another, unusual view from the bridge. The long glass floors, more than 40 meters above the river, allowyou to (8)            the traffic over the Tower Bridge from above. It is particularly (9)                     to see the bridge (10)              and close below your feet. London’s Tower Bridge is one of the most famous (1)                            in the world.

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Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time       Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple things.       First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.       Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.       Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but shouldalso try to use this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and reusing.       If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted. 1.   Pollution is caused from the following sources except                .

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