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Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each question.
We will probably never know who first sold a beef inside a bun, but there are lots of contenders for having invented something similar.
Genghis Khan and his army of Mongol horsemen used to snack on raw beef which they kept underneath their saddles. They also ground meat from lamb or mutton. This was fast food for busy warriors on horseback at that time. When theMongols invaded Russia, the snack became known as “Steak Tartare”. In the 17thand 18th centuries trade between Germany and Russia gave rise to the “Tartare steak”, while the “Hamburg steak” became popular with German sailors along the New York City harbor.
It’s speculated that the first “Hamburger steak” was served at Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York City in 1834, but not in a bun. In 1885 Charlie “Hamburger” Nagreen served flattened meatballs between two slices of bread. As late as 1904 Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas, attracted much attention when he sold his hamburgers at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Davis’s claim to having originated the hamburger has been supported by both McDonalds and Dairy Queen.
Brothers Frank and Charles Menches may also have made a major contribution to hamburger history: they sold ground pork sandwiches at the Erie Country Fair in New York, but one day in 1885, they were forced to use chopped beef because their butcher had run out of pork. They mixed in some coffee and brown sugar to beef p the taste and sold their “Hamburger Sandwiches”. The name “Hamburger” came from Hamburg, New York, the location of the fair.
1. What was the Menches’ contribution to hamburger history?
Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each question.
We will probably never know who first sold a beef inside a bun, but there are lots of contenders for having invented something similar.
Genghis Khan and his army of Mongol horsemen used to snack on raw beef which they kept underneath their saddles. They also ground meat from lamb or mutton. This was fast food for busy warriors on horseback at that time. When theMongols invaded Russia, the snack became known as “Steak Tartare”. In the 17thand 18th centuries trade between Germany and Russia gave rise to the “Tartare steak”, while the “Hamburg steak” became popular with German sailors along the New York City harbor.
It’s speculated that the first “Hamburger steak” was served at Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York City in 1834, but not in a bun. In 1885 Charlie “Hamburger” Nagreen served flattened meatballs between two slices of bread. As late as 1904 Fletcher Davis of Athens, Texas, attracted much attention when he sold his hamburgers at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Davis’s claim to having originated the hamburger has been supported by both McDonalds and Dairy Queen.
Brothers Frank and Charles Menches may also have made a major contribution to hamburger history: they sold ground pork sandwiches at the Erie Country Fair in New York, but one day in 1885, they were forced to use chopped beef because their butcher had run out of pork. They mixed in some coffee and brown sugar to beef p the taste and sold their “Hamburger Sandwiches”. The name “Hamburger” came from Hamburg, New York, the location of the fair.
1. What was the Menches’ contribution to hamburger history?
Read the passage below and decide which answer A, B, C or D fits each numbered gap.
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good (1) ! Just like on the Earth, in space an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. There are a few differences though. Space has no “up” or “down”, but it does have (2) . As a (3) , astronauts are weightless and can sleep in (4) orientation. However, they have to (5) themselves so they don’t float around and bump into something. Space station crews usually sleep in (6) bags located in small crew cabins. Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person.
Generally, astronauts are scheduled for eight hours of sleep at the end of each mission day. (7) on the Earth, though, they may wake up in the middle of their sleep period to use the toilet, or stay up late and look out of the window. Different things such as excitement or (8) _____ can disrupt an astronaut’s sleep (9) . During their sleep period, astronauts have (10) having dreams and nightmares.