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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42       Shyness may not seem to be a serious complaint, but for some who suffer from it, it can become unbearable. Even talking to a small group of people you know can seem like an ordeal – it can feel as if you’ve been asked to give a speech on a topic you know very little about to a number of experts. You start to feel hot and shaky, your heartbeats faster, your knees feel weak, you begin to stutter and the whole experience seems to last forever.       The fact of the matter is that shyness is something we often recognize in others: blushing is one of the more visible sighs, for example. Yet we do not judge someone harshly because of this. But shyness does mean you are harder to approach, so you become more isolated. As one shy person put it, “It’s like being in a prison, and it’s very hard to break out.”      Experts on the subject have come up with various possible solutions, and one has been singled out as being the key to success, namely, finding an interest in common with other people. Spending a lot of time on the sidelines watching other people and envying them because they are much more outgoing doesn’t help; remembering that some of the people you envy most are probably shy themselves. The secret is how you deal with it. And experts have come up with four things you can do today to help. Firstly, you can start by listening to other people.  You will find yourself getting interested in what they’re talking about and asking questions, and before you know it, you’ll be behaving a conversation. Secondly, you could try asking neighbors if you can walk their dog. Like children, pets can be excellent icebreakers for conversations with passers-by. Thirdly, try joining a class to learn something like tapdancing or flamenco, where people are likely to laugh a lot. You’ll feel relaxed, and also you’ll be much too busy concentrating on what you are doing to feel shy. Lastly, try telling yourself that it doesn’t matter if you say or do something silly. Most people make a fool of themselves every so often, and it’s not the end of the world if you do.  One of the symptoms of shyness in a stressful situation is _________

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34       Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off-road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long-range effects on the area’s water-conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soil resulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off-road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles. What is the main topic of the passage?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.       Apples are one of the healthiest foods you can eat every day. A traditional American proverb states: "An apple a day keeps the doctor away". But it does not specifically say anything about the best time of day to eat apples. It is generally believed that eating an apple in the morning is good for people, but eating an apple in the evening is like eating poison.       There is actually a scientific reason behind this belief. One benefit of apples is that they are a favorable source of fructose, which is a natural form of sugar that gives you a big boost of energy. The energy you get from an apple is longer lasting than that provided by a cup of coffee. Clearly, this is something most people would rather experience in the morning than right before bedtime.       Apples also contain high levels of pectin, a kind of dietary fiber. Fiber stimulates bowel movements, which help maintain the health of your digestive system. But if you eat an apple shortly before going to bed, this can cause problems. While you are asleep, your bowels can fill up with gas, making you feel bloated and uncomfortable. You may also wake up several times to use the bathroom, which will prevent you from getting a good night's sleep.       Other health benefits of apples come from flavonoids, beta carotene, and B vitamins. Flavonoids are the material that gives flowers and fruits their bright colors, such as the deep red of apples. When eaten, flavonoids can decrease your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other illnesses. Meanwhile, beta carotene helps prevent cancer, and B vitamins provide the body with a wide variety of important benefits. Apparently, starting your day with an apple really can keep the doctor away.  What is the main idea of the passage? 

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.      Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.       The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940's, electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays.       The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.  What does the passage mainly discuss? 

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