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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to Indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. "In a quarter of a century", claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, "they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections." The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; itdispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilatedistance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers “ edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home. Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight transport chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called "the metropolitan corridor" of the American landscape. What does the passage mainly discuss?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. In the modern word, people are always looking for more ways of keeping fit and staying healthy. The following are some ways to help you become healthy. Running is excellent exercise. Before you begin running you should warm up first by using slow movements that make all your muscles work. But be careful! If you stretch when your muscles are cold, you might hurt yourself. Always wear comfortable clothing and make sure your trainers are in good shape. If you wear shoes that support your whole foot well, you will put less pressure on your knees. You should start exercising slowly, at a pace you can keep up for about 15 minutes. Try to exercise on soft ground, as this will protect your knees and hips from too much stress. It's OK if you sometimes go to bed late but if you usually cut down on your sleep, it will soon have a negative effect on your skin. If you get a good night's rest, it will do you the world of gooD.Lack of sleep can cause acne or dry skin. Make sure that you get a good night's sleep by going to bed and getting up at regular times: don't burn the candle at both ends. During the day, keep active: if you don't get enough exercise during the day, you may end up sleepless all night. Most of us live in big polluted cities. If you got more fresh air, you would look healthier and more attractive. A brisk walk is one of the best things you can do for circulation and appearance. Walking slowly is useful but a quick pace gets more oxygen into your lungs. So don't just go for a pleasant stroll, try and find an area that doesn't have much pollution, and get moving! Many young people feel guilty about eating too much chocolate, and some even say that they are addicted to it, though there is no evidence to support this. Nevertheless, if your diet is balanced, you needn't feel guilty: eating chocolate in moderation is fine - but don't eat it instead of a proper meal! The writer says that you should______________.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. Quan Ho is a Vietnamese style of folk music that is often performed in spring festivals in the north of Vietnam. Bac Ninh province is (26) ______________to the traditional music which was first recorded in the 13th century and officially recognized as the (27) ______________Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2009. It is characterized by its meaningful lyrics, folk beauty of music and the way it is performe There are a large number of Quan Ho melodies. A pair of female singers sing a 'challenge phrase' (cau ra) and a pair of male singers sing 'a matching phrase' (cau doi), which repeats the melody phrase. Most of lyrics focus on topics related to love and sentimental desire of young adults. Hardly any form of cultural activities place men and women (28) ______________an equal basis like Quan Ho; young adults are free to communicate and (29) ______________their feelings with each other and more importantly, lyrics convey their high emphasis on genuine feelings rather than money or social status in a romantic relationship. Quan Ho seems to be a game instead of a folk music as teams of singers compete with each other through the match of lyrics and of melodies to bring wonderful performance to audiences. The melodies as well as the lyrics are so beautiful and rich in poetry that the appearance of instruments sometimes seems to be abundant; the musical message is sufficient by (30) ______________.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  The biologist's role in society as well as his moral and ethical responsibility in the discovery and development of new ideas has led to a reassessment of his social and scientific value systems. A scientist can no longer ignore the consequences of his discoveries; he is as concerned with the possible misuses of his findings as he is with the basic research in which he is involved. This emerging social and political role of the biologist and all other scientists requires a weighing of values that cannot be done with the accuracy or the objectivity of a laboratory balance. As a member of society, it is necessary for a biologist now to redefine his social obligations and his functions, particularly in the realm of making judgments about such ethical problems as man's control of his environment or his manipulation of genes to direct further evolutionary development.  As a result of recent discoveries concerning hereditary mechanisms, genetic engineering, by which human traits are made to order, may soon be a reality. As desirable as it may seem to be, such an accomplishment would entail many value judgments. Who would decide, for example, which traits should be selected for change? In cases of genetic deficiencies and disease, the desirability of the change is obvious, but the possibilities for social misuse are so numerous that they may far outweigh the benefits.  Probably the greatest biological problem of the future, as it is of the present, will be to find ways to curb environmental pollution without interfering with man's constant effort to improve the quality of his life.  Many scientists believe that underlying the spectre of pollution is the problem of surplus human population. A rise in population necessitates an increase in the operations of modern industry, the waste products of which increase the pollution of air, water, and soil. The question of how many people the resources of the Earth can support is one of critical importance.  Although the solutions to these and many other problems are yet to be found, they do indicate the need for biologists to work with social scientists and other members of society in order to determine the requirements necessary for maintaining a healthy and productive planet. For although many of man's present and future problems may seem to be essentially social, political, or economic in nature, they have biological ramifications that could affect the very existence of life itself.    Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "ramifications" in paragraph 4?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.  In addition to the challenge to be excellent, American schools have been facing novel problems. They must (29) _________with an influx of immigrant children, many of whom speak little or no English. They must respond to demands that the curriculum reflects the various cultures of all children. Schools must make sure that students develop basic skills for the job market, and they must consider the needs of nontraditional students, such as teenage mothers.  Schools are (30) _____ these problems in ways that reflect the diversity of the US educational system.  They are hiring or training large numbers of teachers of English as a second language and, in some communities, setting up bilingual schools. They are opening up the traditional European-centered curriculum to embrace material from African, Asian, and other cultures.  Schools are also teaching cognitive skills to the nearly 40 percent of American students (31) _____do not go on to higher education. In the (32) ______of a recent report by the Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills, “A strong back, the willingness to work, and a high school diploma were once all that was necessary to (33) _____ a start in America. They are no longer. A well-developed mind, a continued willingness to learn and the ability to put knowledge to work are the new keys to the future of our young people, the success of our business, and the economic well-being of the nation.”  (Extracted from InfoUSA – CD Version)

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.  Banking and banks are very important for the functioning of the modern world. Without banks, the way we use money would not work. Banks enable people to save money, borrow money and to pay for things with ease and security.  Each country in the world has its own well-known banks that have branches in nearly every city so that they are convenient for people to use. People often have to visit the local branch of the bank when they want certain services. There are also some very big multinational banks that have branches in most countries in the world.  As well as the local branches that are in most cities, each bank will also have a head office. This is where all central tasks are performed that let the local branches function. The people that work in the branches will be the bank manager, the person in charge, and various tellers who work behind the bank counter and help the customers. There will also likely be security guards to protect the money, workers and customers. Most customers will just need to see the tellers when they go to the bank if they are paying money into their account as either cash or a check. However, they might need to see the bank manager if they want to open an account or if they have become overdrawn, when they have spent more money than there was in the account. Also if they want to borrow money and get a loan the person will need to see the bank manager who will have to approve it.  As well as being able to use cash or checks to pay for things, banks also offer their customers the more convenient methods of using either a debit card or credit card. These methods are very convenient as you just need to carry a small plastic card to be able to pay for anything. When paying with plastic you will need to either sign a receipt or enter a PIN number to confirm the purchase and that you are authorized to use the card.    What is the purpose of the head office of a bank? 

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