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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The word “he” in line 25 refers to

Xem chi tiết 496 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.        An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.        Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.        However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0. 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.The word “adversely” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

Xem chi tiết 498 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The author’s purpose to give the example in line15-17 is to

Xem chi tiết 736 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.        An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits continuous changes. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.        Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.        However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0. 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.What does the passage mainly dicuss?

Xem chi tiết 290 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.It may be concluded from this passage that _______.

Xem chi tiết 3.1 K lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The word “Grammar ” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

Xem chi tiết 401 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.Why were the telephone, radio, and television invented?

Xem chi tiết 406 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The word “it” in line 13 refers to

Xem chi tiết 320 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.Applauding was cited as an example of _______.

Xem chi tiết 271 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The discovery of perspective was the result of

Xem chi tiết 1.5 K lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.The word “it” in paragraph refers to _______.

Xem chi tiết 320 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. According to the passage, which is the main concern for medieval artists?

Xem chi tiết 627 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.The phrase “impinge upon” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

Xem chi tiết 462 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

Xem chi tiết 483 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.What does the author say about speech?

Xem chi tiết 533 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.        Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.        Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.        Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction come to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Xem chi tiết 9.3 K lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer.The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real, individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know about perspective.In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists give in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions.It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important. The passage mainly discusses

Xem chi tiết 681 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 49.On 26th May 1828, the people of Nuremberg in Germany found a teenage boy who waswandering alone through the streets. When they came across him, he had no possessions except for two old letters. Because of his behavior and appearance, they took him to the police station. Kaspar spent the next two months in prison, where he hardly spoke and refused all food except for bread and water. Some people assumed that Kaspar had grown up alone in the forest, like a wild animal. But gradually, a different picture emerged.Kaspar said he had spent his whole childhood in a small dark cell. He had never seen the world outside or left his cell. He had never met or spoken to another human being. The cell was empty apart from a small bed and one toy-a wooden horse. He claimed that he had found bread and water in his cell every morning. According to Kaspar’s account, a mysterious man had begun to call on him shortly before his release. The man never showed his face.Kaspar became well-known throughout Germany and in other countries too, and people found his ascinating. Some suggested that Kaspar was the son of a rich and powerful man-a prince perhaps-who wanted to keep his identity secret. A schoolteacher called Friedrich Daumer met Kaspar and agreed to look after him. Daumer taught him various subjects and encouraged Kaspar’s talent for drawing.One day in 1829, Kaspar was found with a knife wound to his head. He claimed that a man with a hood over his face had attacked him-the same man who had brought him to Nuremberg. It wasn’t a serious injury, and Kaspar got over it. But in 1833, Hauser came home with a deep knife wound in his chest, saying someone had attacked him in a garden. Three days later, Kaspar died from the wound. Just before he died, Kaspar told the police that his attacker had given him a bag, so the police went to the garden and looked for it. They found it, with a note inside. The note was in mirror writing and said in German: “I want to tell you about myself. I come from the Bavarian border, on the river.”Over the years, books have been written about Kaspar’s stories and various historians have looked into them. Most have concluded that the stories were untrue and that Kaspar Hauser was a liar who killed himself (possibly by mistake). But for some people, Kaspar Hauser’s life and death remain one of the most mysterious stories in history.Most historians today believed that Kaspar Hauser .

Xem chi tiết 1.5 K lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday ----------(35) as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them specialized training they may need to ----------(36) for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a ----------(37) or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation ----------(38)police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.Education is also important ----------(39) it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them ----------(40)the skill that makes life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills ----------(41) to participate in a sport, paint a picture or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes ----------(42)important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become ----------(43) because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him ----------(44)the skills for adjusting to them.Điền vào ô 44

Xem chi tiết 379 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday ----------(35) as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them specialized training they may need to ----------(36) for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a ----------(37) or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation ----------(38)police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.Education is also important ----------(39) it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them ----------(40)the skill that makes life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills ----------(41) to participate in a sport, paint a picture or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes ----------(42)important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become ----------(43) because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him ----------(44)the skills for adjusting to them.Điền vào ô 43

Xem chi tiết 305 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 49.On 26th May 1828, the people of Nuremberg in Germany found a teenage boy who waswandering alone through the streets. When they came across him, he had no possessions except for two old letters. Because of his behavior and appearance, they took him to the police station. Kaspar spent the next two months in prison, where he hardly spoke and refused all food except for bread and water. Some people assumed that Kaspar had grown up alone in the forest, like a wild animal. But gradually, a different picture emerged.Kaspar said he had spent his whole childhood in a small dark cell. He had never seen the world outside or left his cell. He had never met or spoken to another human being. The cell was empty apart from a small bed and one toy-a wooden horse. He claimed that he had found bread and water in his cell every morning. According to Kaspar’s account, a mysterious man had begun to call on him shortly before his release. The man never showed his face.Kaspar became well-known throughout Germany and in other countries too, and people found his ascinating. Some suggested that Kaspar was the son of a rich and powerful man-a prince perhaps-who wanted to keep his identity secret. A schoolteacher called Friedrich Daumer met Kaspar and agreed to look after him. Daumer taught him various subjects and encouraged Kaspar’s talent for drawing.One day in 1829, Kaspar was found with a knife wound to his head. He claimed that a man with a hood over his face had attacked him-the same man who had brought him to Nuremberg. It wasn’t a serious injury, and Kaspar got over it. But in 1833, Hauser came home with a deep knife wound in his chest, saying someone had attacked him in a garden. Three days later, Kaspar died from the wound. Just before he died, Kaspar told the police that his attacker had given him a bag, so the police went to the garden and looked for it. They found it, with a note inside. The note was in mirror writing and said in German: “I want to tell you about myself. I come from the Bavarian border, on the river.”Over the years, books have been written about Kaspar’s stories and various historians have looked into them. Most have concluded that the stories were untrue and that Kaspar Hauser was a liar who killed himself (possibly by mistake). But for some people, Kaspar Hauser’s life and death remain one of the most mysterious stories in history.Police found a mysterious letter inside a bag .

Xem chi tiết 451 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 49.On 26th May 1828, the people of Nuremberg in Germany found a teenage boy who waswandering alone through the streets. When they came across him, he had no possessions except for two old letters. Because of his behavior and appearance, they took him to the police station. Kaspar spent the next two months in prison, where he hardly spoke and refused all food except for bread and water. Some people assumed that Kaspar had grown up alone in the forest, like a wild animal. But gradually, a different picture emerged.Kaspar said he had spent his whole childhood in a small dark cell. He had never seen the world outside or left his cell. He had never met or spoken to another human being. The cell was empty apart from a small bed and one toy-a wooden horse. He claimed that he had found bread and water in his cell every morning. According to Kaspar’s account, a mysterious man had begun to call on him shortly before his release. The man never showed his face.Kaspar became well-known throughout Germany and in other countries too, and people found his ascinating. Some suggested that Kaspar was the son of a rich and powerful man-a prince perhaps-who wanted to keep his identity secret. A schoolteacher called Friedrich Daumer met Kaspar and agreed to look after him. Daumer taught him various subjects and encouraged Kaspar’s talent for drawing.One day in 1829, Kaspar was found with a knife wound to his head. He claimed that a man with a hood over his face had attacked him-the same man who had brought him to Nuremberg. It wasn’t a serious injury, and Kaspar got over it. But in 1833, Hauser came home with a deep knife wound in his chest, saying someone had attacked him in a garden. Three days later, Kaspar died from the wound. Just before he died, Kaspar told the police that his attacker had given him a bag, so the police went to the garden and looked for it. They found it, with a note inside. The note was in mirror writing and said in German: “I want to tell you about myself. I come from the Bavarian border, on the river.”Over the years, books have been written about Kaspar’s stories and various historians have looked into them. Most have concluded that the stories were untrue and that Kaspar Hauser was a liar who killed himself (possibly by mistake). But for some people, Kaspar Hauser’s life and death remain one of the most mysterious stories in history.According to this passage, the word “hood” is closest in meaning to .

Xem chi tiết 254 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday ----------(35) as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them specialized training they may need to ----------(36) for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a ----------(37) or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation ----------(38)police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.Education is also important ----------(39) it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them ----------(40)the skill that makes life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills ----------(41) to participate in a sport, paint a picture or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes ----------(42)important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become ----------(43) because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him ----------(44)the skills for adjusting to them.Điền vào ô 42

Xem chi tiết 365 lượt xem 5 năm trước

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blank.Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday ----------(35) as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them specialized training they may need to ----------(36) for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a ----------(37) or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation ----------(38)police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.Education is also important ----------(39) it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them ----------(40)the skill that makes life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills ----------(41) to participate in a sport, paint a picture or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes ----------(42)important as people gain more and more leisure time.Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become ----------(43) because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him ----------(44)the skills for adjusting to them.Điền vào ô 41

Xem chi tiết 374 lượt xem 5 năm trước