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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater, one of the world's largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warned by geothermal heat from the earth's core. This thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from frigid temperatures (the lowest ever recorded on Earth) on the surface. The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake. The discovery of such a huge fresh water lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this. Question 37: What is true of Lake Vostok?

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater, one of the world's largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warned by geothermal heat from the earth's core. This thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from frigid temperatures (the lowest ever recorded on Earth) on the surface. The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake. The discovery of such a huge fresh water lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this. Question 36: The purpose of the passage is to ________.

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Ở ruồi giấm, alen A quy định thân xám trội hoàn toàn so với alen a quy định thân đen; alen B quy định cánh dài trội hoàn toàn so với alen b quy định cánh cụt; hai cặp gen này cùng nằm trên một cặp nhiễm sắc thể thường. Alen D quy định mắt đỏ trội hoàn toàn so với alen d quy định mắt trắng, gen quy định màu mắt nằm trên vùng không tương đồng của nhiễm sắc thể giới tính X. Cho giao phối giữa ruồi cái thân xám, cánh dài, mắt đỏ với ruồi đực thân đen, cánh cụt, mắt trắng thu được F1 100% ruồi thân xám, cánh dài, mắt đỏ. Cho F1 giao phối với nhau được F2 xuất hiện tỉ lệ kiểu hình ruồi thân xám, cánh dài, mắt đỏ và kiểu hình ruồi thân xám, cánh cụt, mắt trắng là 51,25%. Nếu không có đột biến thì tần số hoán vị gen ở ruồi cái F1 là Cho các kết luận sau: (1) Con ruồi cái F1 có tần số hoán vị gen là 30%. (2) Con ruồi cái F1 có kiểu gen ABabXDXd (3) Tỉ lệ ruồi cái dị hợp 3 cặp gen ở F2 là 15%. (4) Tỉ lệ kiểu hình mang 2 tính trạng trội và một tính trạng lặn ở F2 là 31,25%. (5) Lấy ngẫu nhiên 2 cá thể thân xám, cánh dài, mắt đỏ ở F2, xác suất lấy được một con cái thuần chủng là 14,2%. Số kết luận đúng là:

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