Đề kiểm tra học kì 1 Tiếng anh 12 năm 2023 có đáp án (Đề 8)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The Masai rite of passage

There are many African tribes but, for many people, the Masai are the most well-known. They are famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies with lots of music and dancing. Probably, one of the most colorful ceremonies is the festival of "Eunoto" when the teenage boys of the Masai become men.

Eunoto lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called "warriors" . This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes.

At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build a place called the "Osingira ", a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them. Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time.

The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys' hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child's hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage boy's mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.

On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: "Now you are men, use your heads and knowledge." Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands. The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and have children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.

Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase provided from the box that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

founded                       found                      convey s          imparts     directly

attention                      attendance               than                 since     closely

Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be (25) ________ in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts (26) ________ , as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that (27) ________ the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber. Symbols are more difficult to describe (28) ________ either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theatre encourages performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being (29) ________ adjacent to the receiver. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based on speech.