Đề cương ôn tập giữa kì 2 Toán 8 Kết nối tri thức cấu trúc mới (Tự luận) có đáp án - Phần 1

a) \(\frac{9}{{x - 3}} + \frac{{3x}}{{3 - x}} = \frac{9}{{x - 3}} - \frac{{3x}}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{9 - 3x}}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{ - 3\left( {x - 3} \right)}}{{x - 3}} = - 3.\)

b) \[\frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} - \frac{{{x^2}}}{{{y^2} - {x^2}}} = \frac{{xy}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} + \frac{{{x^2}}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \frac{{xy + {x^2}}}{{{x^2} - {y^2}}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + y} \right)}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {x + y} \right)}} = \frac{x}{{x - y}}.\]

c) \[\frac{{x + 5}}{{2x - 3}} - \frac{{2x - 7}}{{3 - 2x}} - \frac{{x + 4}}{{3 - 2x}} = \frac{{x + 5}}{{2x - 3}} + \frac{{2x - 7}}{{2x - 3}} + \frac{{x + 4}}{{2x - 3}}\]

\[ = \frac{{x + 5 + 2x - 7 + x + 4}}{{2x - 3}} = \frac{{4x + 2}}{{2x - 3}}.\]

d) \[\frac{{4 - {x^2}}}{{x - 3}} + \frac{{2x - 2{x^2}}}{{3 - x}} + \frac{{5 - 4x}}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{4 - {x^2}}}{{x - 3}} - \frac{{2x - 2{x^2}}}{{x - 3}} + \frac{{5 - 4x}}{{x - 3}}\]

\[ = \frac{{4 - {x^2} - 2x + 2{x^2} + 5 - 4x}}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{{x^2} - 6x + 9}}{{x - 3}} = \frac{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}{{x - 3}} = x - 3.\]

e) \[\frac{{2{x^2} - 20x + 50}}{{3x + 3}} \cdot \frac{{{x^2} - 1}}{{4{{\left( {x - 5} \right)}^3}}} = \frac{{2{{\left( {x - 5} \right)}^2}}}{{3\left( {x + 1} \right)}} \cdot \frac{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{4{{\left( {x - 5} \right)}^3}}} = \frac{{x - 1}}{{6\left( {x - 5} \right)}}.\]

f) \(\frac{{x - 2}}{{x + 1}}:\frac{{{x^2} - 5x + 6}}{{{x^2} - 2x - 3}} = \frac{{x - 2}}{{x + 1}} \cdot \frac{{{x^2} - 2x - 3}}{{{x^2} - 5x + 6}} = \frac{{x - 2}}{{x + 1}} \cdot \frac{{\left( {x + 1} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)}} = 1.\)

g) \[\frac{x}{{x - 2y}} + \frac{x}{{x + 2y}} + \frac{{4xy}}{{4{y^2} - {x^2}}} = \frac{x}{{x - 2y}} + \frac{x}{{x + 2y}} - \frac{{4xy}}{{\left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {x + 2y} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{x\left( {x + 2y} \right) + x\left( {x - 2y} \right) - 4xy}}{{\left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {x + 2y} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2} + 2xy + {x^2} - 2xy - 4xy}}{{\left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {x + 2y} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{2{x^2} - 4xy}}{{\left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {x + 2y} \right)}} = \frac{{2x\left( {x - 2y} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 2y} \right)\left( {x + 2y} \right)}} = \frac{{2x}}{{x + 2y}}.\]

h) \[\frac{1}{{x - y}} + \frac{{3xy}}{{{y^3} - {x^3}}} + \frac{{x - y}}{{{x^2} + xy + {y^2}}} = \frac{1}{{x - y}} - \frac{{3xy}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}} + \frac{{x - y}}{{{x^2} + xy + {y^2}}}\]

\[ = \frac{{{x^2} + xy + {y^2} - 3xy + {{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2} - 2xy + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2xy + {y^2}}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}}\]

\[ = \frac{{2\left( {{x^2} - 2xy + {y^2}} \right)}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}}\]\[ = \frac{{2{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {x - y} \right)\left( {{x^2} + xy + {y^2}} \right)}}\]\[ = \frac{{2\left( {x - y} \right)}}{{{x^2} + xy + {y^2}}}\].