15000 bài tập tách từ đề thi thử môn Tiếng Anh có đáp án (Phần 39)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE HOSTORY OF WRITING

The development of writing (26)________ a huge difference to the world and might see it as the beginning of the media. Pieces of pottery with marks on that are probably numbers have been discovered in China (27)________date from around 4000 BC. Hieroglyphics and other forms of “picture writing” developed in the area around Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), where the ancient Sumerian civilization was based, from around 3300 BC onwards. However, the first (28)________ alphabet was used by the Phoenicians around 1050 BC. Their alphabet had 22 letters and it is estimated that it lasted for 1000 years. The first two signs were called “aleph” and “beth”, which in Greek became “alpha” and “beta”, which gave us the modern word “alphabet”.

          The modern European alphabet is based on the Greek and spead (29)________other European countries under the Romans. A number of changes took place as time passed. The Romans added the letter G, and the letter J and V were unknown to people in Shakespeare’s time.

          If we (30)________the history of punctuation, we also find some interesting facts. The Romans used to write quaesto at the end of a sentence in order to show that it was a Question. They started to write Qo in place of the whole word, and the put the Q above the o. In the end, that became the question  mark “?”

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          If you want to prepare yourself for great achievement and have more to (31) ________ to your education or your work, try reading more books. Pick (32) ________ some of the interestingly informative books and search for well-researched materials that can help you grow.

          We should encourage our children to read more books and spend less time watching TV. Some people have commented that this is inconsistent. "Why is the written word a superior way to get information than television?" That is an interesting point of view worth further (33) ________. Reading is a skill that is in much to watch TV but reading is an integral part of many jobs. The written word is an incredibly flexible and efficient way of communication. You can write something down and, in no time, it can be communicated to many different people. Not only that, we can (35) ________ vast amounts of information through reading in a very short time. A good reader can acquire more information in reading for two hours than someone watching TV can acquire in a full day. You are able to gain a lot of information quickly because you are a fast reader with good comprehension skills. It will save you massive amounts of time and you will be able to assimilate vast quantities of information.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase  that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

ROBOTS

Ever since it was first possible to make a real robot, people have been hoping for the invention of a machine (36) ________would do all the necessary jobs around the house. If boring and repetitive factory work could be (37) ________by robots, why not boring and repetitive household chores too?

For a long time the only people who really gave the problem their attention were amateur inventors. And they came up against a major difficulty. That si, houwork is actually very complex. It hat never been one job, it has always been many. A factory robot (38) ________one task endlessly until it is reprogrammed to do something else. It doesn’t run the whole factory. A housework robot, on the other hand, has to do severa different types of cleaning and carrying jobs and also has to cope (39) ________all the different shapes and positions of rooms, furniture, ornaments, cats and dogs. (40) ________, there have been some developments recently. Sensosrs are available to help the robot locate objects and avoid obstacles. We have the technology to produce the hardware. All that is missing the software-the programs that will operate the machine.

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Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes (41) ________ ecosystems. If there is too (42) ________ rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals that feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal ans lets the seeds (43) ________ . Polluting the air, soil and water can harm ecosystems. Building (44) ________ on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and goverments to find better ways of (45) ________ fish, cutting down trees, and building dams. They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.

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Criticism

          The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (46) ________ many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (47) ________ accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.

          One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars be increasing changes for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (48) ________ the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, also known as ‘road pricing’, is already being introduced in a number of cities, using a special electronic card (49) ________ to windscreen of the car.

          Another ways of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the final stage of their journey.

          Of course, the most important (50) ________ is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to give up the comfort their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares charged at an acceptable level.

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Set in the red desert of central Australia is the mining town of Coober Pedy. At first sight, the town looks similar to many other such communities, but Coober Pedy is different. Sixty per cent of its population of 4,000 people lives underground. There are today about 800 underground houses as well as shops, hotels and even churches in the town and the surrounding hills. Once a site has been chosen, special tunneling machines are (51) ________ in to ceate passage and rooms in the sandstone. Rock pillars are left to support the roof, and door and windows are cut into the front. Houses are of all shapes and (52) ________, the largest having twenty rooms, and some even have their own swimming poll.

          Living underground may sound strange but in fact it has a number of advantages. In summer, the temperature outside the houses it remains a steady 25C all year round. Many people say that living underground makes they fell very secure. There is no problem with noise from the neighbours and the houses are not affected. By the fierce dust storms that regularly sweep (54) ________ the area. And of course, if your family (55) ________ or lots of friends come to stay, you can always dig another room.

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Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their children to read when they are slightly more than todders. This is fine if the child shows a real interest but forcing a child could be counter-productive if she isn’t ready. Wise parents will have a (56) ________ attitude and take the lead from their child. What they should provide is a selection of (57) ________ toys, books and other activities. Nowadays there is plenty of good mterial available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in use about the house will also encourage them to read.

          Of course, books are no longer the only source of stories and information. There is also a huge range of videos, (58) ________ can reinfore and extend the pleasure a child finds in a book and are (59) ________ valuable in helping to increase vocabulary and concentration. Television gets a bad review as far as cildren are concerned, mainly because too many spend too much time watching programs not intended for ther age group. Too many television programs induce an incurious, uncritical attitude that is going to make learning much more difficult. However, (60) ________ viewing of programs designed for young children can be useful. Just as adults enjoy reading a book seeing it serialised on television, so children will pounce on books which feature their favourite television characters, and videos can add a new dimension to a story known from a book.

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Throughout history, women have had responsiblity for healing the sick. However, it is only in ccomparative recent times that they have been allowed to train as doctors at medical schools in Britain. Yet in that short time, they have (61) ________ an enormous contribution to modern medicine.

The first female doctors were nuns (62) ________ gave advice about diseases and (63) _______ and prepared medicnes. In ancient Rome, women healers were considered skillful and respected. In Britain, for centuries, male doctors were suspicious of women who pratised medicine (64) ________ and in 1512 a law was passed making it illegal for them to do so. Women coulnd’t study medicine at universities (65) ________ the 19th century and they only began to gain equality with male doctors in the 20th century.

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THE FAMILY

Statesmen define a family as "a group of individuals having a common dwelling and related by blood adoption or marriage, (66)_________ includes common-law relationships". Most people are born into one of these groups and will live their lives as a family in such a group.

Although the definition of a family may not change, (67)_________ relationship of people to each other within the family group changes as society changes. More and more wives are taking paying jobs, and, as a result, the roles of husband, wife and children are changing. Today, men expect to work for pay for about 40 years of their lives, and, in today's marriages (68)_________ which both spouses have paying jobs, women can expect to work for about 30 to 35 years of their lives. This means that man must learn to do their share of family tasks such as caring for the children and daily (69)_________. Children, too, especially adolescents, have to (70)_________ with the members of their family in sharing household tasks.

The widespread acceptance of contraception has meant that having children is as matter of choice, not an automatic result of marriage. Marriage itself has become a choice. As alternatives such as common-law relationship and single-parent families have become socially acceptable, women will become more independent

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Many parents believe that they should begin to teach their children to read when they are (71) ________ more than toddlers. This is fine if the child shows a real interest but forcing a child could be counter-productive if she isn't ready. Wise parents will have a hopeful attitude and take the lead from their child. What they should provide is a selection of stimulating toys, books and other activities. Nowadays there is plenty of good (72) ________ available for young children, and of course, seeing plenty of books in use about the house will also encourage them to read.

Of course, books are no longer the only source of stories and information. There is also a huge range of videos, which can reinforce and extend the pleasure a child finds in a book and are equally valuable in helping to increase vocabulary and concentration. Television gets a bad review as far as children are concerned, mainly because too many spend too much time watching programmes not intended for their age (73) ________. Too many television programmes induce an incurious, uncritical attitude that is going to make learning much more difficult. However, discriminating viewing of programmes designed for young children can be useful. Just as adults enjoy reading a book after seeing it serialised on television, so children will pounce on books which (74) ________their favourite television characters, and videos can add a new (75) ________to a story known from a book.