15000 bài tập tách từ đề thi thử môn Tiếng Anh có đáp án (Phần 52)

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

 An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominants - most distinctive feature - the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes get in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth’s surface. Given that two thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

 The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests doesn't seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably by sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some presentation there.

 To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacteria cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the best option for each of the blanks.

Why do people like to chew gum? Some people say they like the taste. (46) ________say they can think better if they chew gum. Some people chew it when they have some boring work to do. Others chew gum when they are nervous.

Gum is a mixture of things. For many years gum companies made gum from chicle. Chicle is a natural gum from a tree in Mexico and Central America. Now companies use plastic and rubber made from petroleum (47) ________of chicle.

Gum must be soft so that you can chew it. A softener keeps it soft. The gum company makes the softener from vegetable oil. A sweetener makes the gum sweet. The sweetener is usually sugar. Then the company (48) ________the flavor.

Thomas Adams made the first gum from chicle in 1836. However, chewing gum was not new. The Greeks chewed gum from a tree (49) ________2,000 years ago. Mayan Indians in Mexico chewed chicle. Indians in the Northeastern United States taught Europeans to chew gum from a tree there.

People first made bubble gum in 1928. Children like to (50) ________bubble with bubble gum. Some university students do too.

The Industrial Revolution in Britain was built on the use of machines in factories. Since the 1950s, Britain's (24) _______ industries have replaced machine operators with computers, and this (25) ________ has led to a decline in the number of (26) ________ in many factories. Goods are bought and used much more than ever before but a lot of these goods are imported. By the beginning of the 20th century, other industrial countries like the USA were (27) ________ with Britain's exports, and countries in the Far East have been able to provide cheaper (28) _________since the 1970s. Areas located with heavy industries are suffering high unemployment. During the last 30 years, there has been a constant rise in smaller industries (29) ________ as "light industries". These ones use electricity and are not (30) _________ on raw materials such as coal so they are "footloose", i.e. they can be located anywhere. They produce such things as washing machines or spare (31) ________. Some of these industries produce nothing at all, but provide services like distribution. The consumer boom of the 1980s and the increased leisure time of most Britons have led to rapid (32) ________ in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing, and in industries which distribute, maintain, and repair (33) _________ consumer goods.

Why do people like to chew gum? Some people say they like the taste. ____24____ say they can think better if they chew gum. Some people chew it when they have some boring work to do. Others chew gum when they are nervous.

Gum is a ____25____ of things. For many years gum companies made gum from chicle. Chicle is a natural gum from a tree in Mexico and Central America. Now companies use plastic and rubber made from petroleum instead of chicle.

Gum must be soft ____26____ you can chew it. A softener keeps it soft. The gum company makes the softener from vegetable oil. A sweetener makes the gum sweet. The sweetener is usually sugar. Then the company adds the flavor.

Thomas Adams made the first gum from chicle in 1836. ____27____, chewing gum was not new. The Greeks chewed gum from a tree over 2,000 years ago. Mayan Indians in Mexico chewed chicle. Indians in the Northeastern United States taught Europeans to chew gum from a tree there.

 People first made bubble gum in 1928. Children like to ____28____ bubble with bubble gum. Some university students do too

Most traditional human life in deserts is nomadic. It (35) ________ in hot deserts on finding water, and on following infrequent rains to (36) ________ grazing for livestock. In cold deserts, it depends on finding good hunting and fishing grounds, on sheltering from blizzards and winter (37) ________, and on storing enough food for winter. Permanent settlement in both kinds of deserts requires permanent water, food sources and adequate shelter, or the technology and energy sources to (38) ________ it.

Many deserts are flat and featureless, lacking landmarks, or composed of repeating landforms such as sand (39) ________ or the jumbled ice-fields of glaciers. Advanced skills or devices are required to navigate through such landscapes and (40) ________ travelers may die when supplies run (41) ________ after becoming lost. In addition, sandstorms or blizzards may cause disorientation in severely-reduced visibility.

The (42) ________ represented by wild animals in deserts has featured in explorers' accounts but does not cause higher (43) ________ of death than in other environments such as rainforests or savanna woodland, and generally does not affect human distribution. Defense against polar bears may be advisable in some areas of the Arctic. Precautions against snakes and scorpions in choosing (44) ________ at which to camp in some hot deserts should be taken.

THE FASTEST DINOSAUR

According to computer models that were used to estimate the running speeds of dinosaurs, the Tyrannosaurus Rex would have been able to outrun a footballer. The study shows that the dinosaur could reach a top (24) ________ of 8 metres a second, which is fractionally faster than the average professional footballer. There has been a lot of controversy (25) ________ whether the Tyrannosaurus Rex was a predator or a scavenger; some believe that its highly developed sense of smell indicates that it was a scavenger, while others say that its keen eyesight shows that it was a hunter. The (26) ________ group will appreciate the recent study, as a hunter is more likely to require such speed.

The University of Manchester study used a powerful supercomputer to calculate the running speeds of five meat-eating dinosaurs and used data taken directly from dinosaur fossils, rather than referring to previous work on modern animals. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, however, was not the fastest dinosaur. A small dinosaur (27) ________ Compsognathus, which was about the size of a chicken, could run at 18 metres a second, which is faster than the ostrich, the fastest two-legged animal today. It could run 100 metres in a little over six seconds, which would beat modern Olympic (28) ________ more than a third of the track behind.

If you’re an ecologist, plastic is a word you tend to say with a mock or a growl. It has grow into a figure of our lavish, throw – away society. However, there seems like little uncertainly it is here to stay, and the truth is, of course, that plastic has brought massive    (15) ________, even environmental ones. It’s not really the plastics themselves that are the criminal – it’s the approach humanity chooses to use and (16)____________them.

Practically all the 60 or so different kinds of up-to-date plastic are made from oil, gas or coal – non-renewable natural (17)_____________. We (18)______________ well over two million tones of the  material in US each  year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high (19)_________ of our annual consumption is in the form of packaging, and this (20)_________ about eight percent by weight of our domestic waste.

Having a car has numerous benefits ________ (15), you can go wherever you want whenever you want. You don’t have to rely on public transport, and ________ (16), you will have a sense of being more independent ________ (17), you are capable to give lifts to your folks, or carry weighty loads of grocery. ________ (18), there can be definite fiscal problems, completely if you live in a city. Running a car can be expensive, as you have to spend quite an amount on things ________ (19) petrol, car services, and repairs. You might also have problem with parking, as everywhere is more and more congested with cars. ________ (20) most folks feel that the advantages of owing a car outweigh the disadvantages.

    Not everybody recognizes the benefits of new develoopments in communications technology. Indeed, some people fear that text messaging may actually be having a negative (15)_________on young people’s communication and language skills, especially when we hear that primary school chidren may be at (16)___ of becoming addicted to the habit. So widespread has texting become, however, that even pigcons have started doing it. What’s more, in this case, it’s difficult to view the results as anything but positive.

   Twenty of the birds are about to (17)_________to the skies with the task of measuring air pollution, each (18)_______ with sensor equipment and a mobile phone. The (19)__________ made by the secsors will be automatically (20)__________ into text messages and beamed to the Internet – where they will appear on a dedicated ‘pigeon blog’

From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution regimen depend heavily on technology. One (17)________, however, depends much more on technology - organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but (18) ________ chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (19) ________ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (20) ________. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides; for example, they may rely (21) ________ natural predators of certain insect pests. Then, the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields.