(2025) Đề ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh (Đề 13)

     Rubbish

     The Opera House has been turned into a big tent for Rubbish. Set on the streets (10) _______ the 1940s, young artists do gymnastics, dance and theatre using rubbish like wheels, furniture and boxes. First (11) _______ this week! Under-15s must be accompanied by (12) _______ adult but ask about family discounts at our restaurant. A two-minute walk from the underground.

     Opera House

     Traditional Future

     For less than € 8, watch Anuang'a Fernando from Kenya as he uses traditional words from his own country, modern music and movement to perform this (13) _______ of art. Anuang'a Fernando has already performed this show in Paris (14) _______ Italy. Book soon- the theatre only (15) _______ 200 people. Snacks will be available. Close to public transport.

     Drake Hall

Around the world, waste generation rates are rising. In 2020, the world was estimated to generate 2.24 billion tonnes of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of 0.79 kilograms per person per day. With rapid population growth and urbanisation, (18) _______ is expected to increase by 73% from 2020 levels to 3.88 billion tonnes in 2050.

     Compared to those in developed nations, residents in developing countries, especially the urban poor, (19) _______ - In low-income countries, over 90% of waste is often disposed in unregulated dumps or openly burned. These practices (20) _______ , safety, and environmental consequences. Poorly managed waste serves as a breeding ground for disease vectors, contributes to global climate change through methane generation, and (21) _______

     Life on Mars, once the stuff of science fiction, is becoming an increasingly realistic goal for many scientists and space enthusiasts. But will we ever make the Red Planet our home? Let's take a look at (24) _______ of the challenges and possibilities.

     Mars has an atmosphere, although a thin one, primarily composed of carbon dioxide with traces of nitrogen and argon. This is a significant factor because it means that, in (25) _______ , we could potentially convert some of this carbon dioxide into oxygen. But it's easier said than done. The technology needed to accomplish (26) _______ task is complex and still under development.

     Then there's the matter of the Martian climate, (27) _______ is much colder than Earth's and often reaches -80 degrees Celsius at night. Moreover, Mars doesn't have a magnetic field to protect it from solar radiation, making the surface uninhabitable for extended periods.

     The distance from Earth to Mars is also a huge challenge. Depending on the alignment of the two planets, the journey could (28) _______ anywhere from six to nine months. It's a long, dangerous journey with no guarantee of a safe return.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 29 to 33.

     There are numerous places in the country for people to go for an autumn walk, but I would highly recommend these two.

     A. Hampstead Heath

     Where better for a country walk in autumn than north London? Hampstead is just a few kilometres from the centre of town, but it is one of the capital's bestknown beauty spots. And covering very nearly 325 hectares, certainly one of the largest. It is called a heath, although it is in fact a patchwork of not just heath but also parkland and hedgerow, laid out paths, open hillside and overgrown thickets, lakes and ponds - and plenty of woods and trees. The City of London Corporation is now responsible for its upkeep. They fuss about the swimming, designate cycle paths, regulate the fishing, and put up notices about all such dangerous activities. But despite their best efforts, the Heath still feels quite wild. From one popular vantage point there is a panoramic view of central London, where visitors top to admire the crowded streets and skyscrapers, they have come to the Heath to get away from. It's at its best later in the year. When it's warm and sunny, it can feel too crowded with casual visitors. But frosts and mist, rain and snow deter the Heath's fair-weather friends.

     B. Hainault Forest

     This remnant of what was once the vast Forest of Essex is now an attractive stretch of woodland easily reached by the London Underground. The woods around here were a royal forest, but an Act of Parliament of 1851 authorised the cutting down and removal of its trees. And removed they were, grubbed up by all too efficient men and machines - hectare upon hectare laid waste within weeks of the passing of the Act. The devastation stirred the beginnings of the modern conservation movement - local people led by a politician called Edward North Buxton saved and restored Hainault. It is now owned and managed by the Woodland Trust. Hainault is a unique site, which features open heathland, some of which has been recently planted up with native trees by the Woodland Trust, and the dense woodland of the ancient forest.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 34 to 40.

     John McCarthy was often described as the father of 'artificial intelligence' (Al), a branch of computer science founded on the notion that human intelligence can be stimulated by machines. McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defined it as 'the science and engineering of making intelligent machines' and created the Lisp computer language to help researchers in the Al field. He maintained that there were aspects of the human mind that could be described precisely enough to be replicated: "The speeds and memory capacities of present computers may be insufficient to simulate many of the higher functions of the human brain," he wrote in 1955, "but the major obstacle is not lack of machine capacity but our inability to write programs taking full advantage of what we have."

     McCarthy went on to create Al laboratories at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and later at Stanford University where he became the laboratory's director in 1965. During the 1960s he developed the concept of computer time-sharing, which allows several people to use a single, central, computer at the same time. If this approach were adopted, he claimed in 1961, "computing may someday be organized as a public utility". The concept of time-sharing made oossible the development of so-called "cloud computing" (the delivery of r.omputing as a service rather than a product). Meanwhile, his Lisp programming tanguage, which he invented in 1958, underpinned the development of voice recognition technology.

     McCarthy taught himself mathematics as a teenager by studying textbooks at the California Institute of Technology. When he arrived at the Institute to study the subject aged 16, he was assigned to a graduate course. In 1948, a symposium sparked his interest in developing machines that can think like people. McCarthy received a doctorate in Mathematics from Princeton University in 1951 and was immediately appointed to a Chair in the subject. It was at Princeton University that he proposed the programming language Lisp as a way to process more sophisticated mathematical concepts that Fortran, which had been the dominant programming medium until then. McCarthy joined the Stanford faculty in 1962, remaining there until his official retirement in 2000.

     During the 1970s he presented a paper on buying and selling by computer. He also invited a local computer hobby group, the Homebrew Computer Club, to meet at the Stanford laboratory. Its members included Steve Jobs and Steven Wozniak, who would go on to found Apple. However, his own interest in developing time-sharing systems led him to underestimate the potential of personal computers. When the first PCs emerged in the 1970s, he dismissed them as "toys". Despite his disappointment with Al, McCarthy remained confident of the power of mathematics: "He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense," he wrote in 1995.