In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons. In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a super-intelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes super-intelligent. There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of super-intelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls. (source: https://www.beyondteaching.com/)

Câu 34:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Transcending complacency on super-intelligent machines.

B. No time like the present for AI safety work.

C. The importance of researching AI safety.

D. Challenges to ensuring the safety of AI systems.

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Câu 35:

According to paragraph 1, what is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of AI?

A. Facilitating the identification system.

B. Managing the electricity in homes.

C. Controlling vehicles and gadgets.

D. Curing life-threatening diseases.

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Câu 36:

The word “recursive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______ .

A. powerful

B. repeated

C. impossible

D. monotonous

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Câu 37:

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______ .

A. event

B. human

C. history

D. poverty

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Câu 38:

According to paragraph 3, which information is incorrect about the future of AI?

A. We cannot deny the likelihood of AI turning on its creator – the human.

B. The emergence of super-intelligence will yield valuable benefits for human.

C. One of the focus of AI system nowadays should be preparation and preventive measures.

D. The probability of malicious artificial intelligence is an unexpected zero.

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Đoạn văn 3

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

We need to attend to the tree loss because of the following tree benefits. Firstly, trees provide shade for homes, office buildings, parks and roadways, cooling surface temperatures. They also take in and evaporate water, (39) _______ cools the air around them. Secondly, trees absorb carbon and remove pollutants from the atmosphere. Trees also reduce energy costs by $4 billion a year, according to Nowak's study. "The shading of those trees on buildings (40) _______ your air conditioning costs. Take those trees away; now your buildings are heating up, you're running your air conditioning more, and you're burning more fuel from the power plants, so the pollution and emissions go up." (41) _______ , trees act as water filters, taking in dirty surface water and absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil. Last but not least, (42) _______ studies have found connections between exposure to nature and better mental and physical health. Some hospitals have added tree views and plantings for patients as a result of these studies. Doctors are even prescribing walks in nature for children and families due to evidence that nature exposure lowers blood (43) _______ and stress hormones. And studies have associated living near green areas with lower death rates.

Câu 39:

They also take in and evaporate water, (39) _______ cools the air around them.

A. which

B. whose

C. that

D. what

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Câu 40:

"The shading of those trees on buildings (40) _______ your air conditioning costs.

A. reduces

B. increases

C. pays

D. values

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Câu 41:

(41) _______ , trees act as water filters, taking in dirty surface water and absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil.

A. However

B. Consequently

C. Besides

D. Afterwards

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Câu 42:

Last but not least, (42) _______ studies have found connections between exposure to nature and better mental and physical health.

A. much

B. every

C. each

D. many

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Câu 43:

Doctors are even prescribing walks in nature for children and families due to evidence that nature exposure lowers blood (43) _______ and stress hormones.

A. stream

B. pressure

C. line

D. drop

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Đoạn văn 2

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Nepal has made important progress over the past few years to promote equality, but the country still has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. 41% of Nepalese girls are married before the age of 18. Poverty is both a cause and consequence of child marriage in Nepal. Girls from the wealthiest families marry 2 years later than those from the poorest, who are seen as an economic burden, and who drop out of school and earn little money. Food insecurity plays an important role too. Nepalese families that do not have enough food to eat are more likely to marry their daughters at a young age to decrease the financial burden. One study shows that 91% of people who had secure access to food married over the age of 19. Dowry is also common practice in many communities. Parents marry their daughters as soon as possible because the money they have to pay to the groom’s family is higher if their daughter is older. Since 2010, the legal age of marriage is 20 for both men and women, or 18 with parental consent, according to the Nepalese Country Code. The law states that punishment for child marriage is imprisonment for up to three years and a fine of up to 10,000 rupees (£102). But reports suggest that this law is rarely applied. There has been quite a lot of progress in Nepal over the past 3 years with a clear government commitment to ending child marriage and civil society cooperation. The Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare is currently developing Nepal’s first national strategy on child marriage in collaboration with UNICEF Nepal and Girls Not Brides Nepal. However, the post-earthquake and post-fuel crisis environment has meant progress is slow and the national strategy has been delayed. (Adapted from http://www.girlsnotbrides.org/)

Câu 44: