Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or "background" extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger. How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone - some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the "introduced predators' that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat. Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals, and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such place as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever. Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010

Câu 33:

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The tempo of extinction of species today

B. The two ways in which species disappear

C. Deforestation as a major cause of mass extinctions of species

D. Human activity and its impact on a mass extinction of species

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Câu 34:

The word “assault” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________

A. development

B. influence

C. attack

D. effort

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Câu 35:

All of the following are mentioned as a form of habitat destruction EXCEPT ____________

A. cutting down forests

B. hunting rare birds and animals

C. destroying coral reefs

D. damming wetlands and rivers

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Câu 36:

What was the main threat to biodiversity in Hawaii and other islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans until recently?

A. human assault on ecosystems

B. vulnerable rich ecosystems

C. tools used by human beings

D. hunters and introduced predators

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Câu 37:

The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to _____________

A. oceans

B. predators

C. humans

D. species

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Câu 38:

Which is no longer considered a major cause of the mass extinction under way currently?

A. the building of dams across rivers

B. the killing of animals for their body parts

C. the destruction of habitats of species

D. the shrinking of rainforests in the tropics

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Câu 39:

The word “butchered” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________

A. killed

B. cooked

C. traded

D. raised

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Câu 40:

It can be inferred from the passage that ___________

A. it's impossible for scientists to identify the causes of mass extinctions of species

B. hunting is the major contributing factor that speeds up the extinction of species

C. the current mass extinction is different from the other five in that it is caused by humans

D. habitat destruction makes a minor contribution to the current mass extinction of species

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Đoạn văn 2

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.

There are many African tribes but, for many people, the Masai are the most well-known. They are famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies with lots of music and dancing. Probably, one of the most colorful ceremonies is the festival of "Eunoto," when the teenage boys of the Masai become men. Eunoto lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called "warriors." This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes. At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build a place called the "Osingira," a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them. Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time. The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys' hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child's hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage boy's mother cuts his hair off at sunrise. On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: "Now you are men, use your heads and knowledge." Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands. The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and have children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities. (Adapted from "Life" by John Hughes, Helen Stephenson and Paul Dummett)

Câu 41:

What is the passage mainly about?

A. The journey by Masai teenage boys to the festival of Eunoto

B. The reasons for the Masai's popularity over other African tribes

C. The ceremony that marks the beginning of Masai boys' adulthood

D. The importance of Eunoto in African people's lives

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Câu 42:

The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to ___________

A. their mothers

B. the boys

C. different tribes

D. the senior elders

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Câu 43:

The word “alter" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________

A. differ

B. distinguish

C. maintain

D. change

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Câu 44:

According to the passage, what do the teenage boys do at Eunoto?

A. Changing their clothes

B. Fighting with other tribes

C. Painting their bodies

D. Receiving new names

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Câu 45:

According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The Masai teenage boys are given advice from senior elders before attending Eunoto.

B. Eunoto is the ceremony for both Masai teenage boys and girls.

C. The Masai teenage boys will become adults and get married after attending Eunoto.

D. Eunoto lasts for a day across the region between Kenya and Tanzania.

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Đoạn văn 3

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

In such a costly and competitive society and world, no one of us can live without money. We need money to fulfill our basic needs of the life such as buying food, and (42) ___________ many basic necessities of life which are almost impossible to buy without money. People in the society (43) ____________ are rich and have property are looked as honourable and respectful person of the society however a poor person is seen as hatred without any good impression. Money increases the position of the person in the society and (44) ___________ a good impression to him. All of us want to be rich by earning more money through good job or business in order to fulfil all the increasing demands of the modern age. (45) ___________. only few people get this chance of completing their dreams of being a millionaire. So, money is the thing of great importance all through the life. Money is required by everyone whether he/she is rich or poor and living in urban areas or rural areas. People in the urban areas are earning more money than the people living in backward or rural areas as the people of the urban areas have more (46) ________________ to the technologies and get more opportunity because of the easy sources. (Adapted from https://www.indiacelebrating.com)

Câu 46:

We need money to fulfill our basic needs of the life such as buying food, and (42) ___________ many basic necessities of life which are almost impossible to buy without money.

A. few

B. some

C. many

D. other

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Câu 47:

4 Đánh giá

75%

25%