Topic 38: Research (Phần 2)

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50 câu hỏi
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Câu 1:

Commentary from researchers in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Austin in the journal Science provide new findings in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research. The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model. “These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

The research group previously found that this circuit is important for responses to aversive events, and they have now asked why aversive outcomes don’t deter everyone from drinking alcohol. These new findings point to a neurological explanation for why only some mice continue to drink alcohol even when it comes with negative consequences. “They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. “In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity. Also, the discovery of this circuit’s role in compulsive drinking suggests that there may be novel pharmacological targets that could be identified and developed for the treatment of AUDs.

(Source: https://news.utexas.edu/)

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Origins for compulsive consumption of alcohol.

B. Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents.

C. General theory of compulsive consumption.

D. Genetic influences on drinking habit.

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Đáp án A

Câu nào sau đây thích hợp nhất làm tiêu đề cho đoạn văn?
A. Nguồn gốc của việc tiêu thụ rượu bắt buộc
B. Uống rượu bắt buộc ở loài gặm nhấm
C. Học thuyết chung của sự tiêu thụ bắt buộc
D. Ảnh hưởng di truyền đến thói quen uống rượu
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn đầu:
The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model.

(Các bài báo, “Buộc phải uống: Tại sao một số người không thể dừng lại”, xem xét những phát hiện gần đây của các nhà nghiên cứu Siciliano và cộng sự đã phát hiện ra sự khác biệt độc đáo trong hoạt động của các tế bào thần kinh ở vỏ não trước mạch não dự đoán sự leo thang sau đó của việc uống rượu đến việc uống bắt buộc trong một con chuột thí nghiệm.)
=> Như vậy, đoạn văn đang muốn nói về nguồn gốc của việc uống rượu bắt buộc.

Câu 2:

Commentary from researchers in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Austin in the journal Science provide new findings in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research. The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model. “These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

The research group previously found that this circuit is important for responses to aversive events, and they have now asked why aversive outcomes don’t deter everyone from drinking alcohol. These new findings point to a neurological explanation for why only some mice continue to drink alcohol even when it comes with negative consequences. “They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. “In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity. Also, the discovery of this circuit’s role in compulsive drinking suggests that there may be novel pharmacological targets that could be identified and developed for the treatment of AUDs.

(Source: https://news.utexas.edu/)

According to paragraph 1, what is NOT included in the discoveries of the researchers?

A. Evidence of variations in neuronal activity in response to alcohol.

B. A new brain circuit in mice.

C. A frontal cortex.

D. The link between neuronal activity and compulsive drinking behaviours.

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Đáp án C

Theo đoạn 1, những gì không được bao gồm trong những khám phá của các nhà nghiên cứu?
A. Bằng chứng về sự thay đổi trong hoạt động của tế bào thần kinh trong phản ứng với rượu
B. Một mạch não mới ở chuột
C. Một vỏ não phía trước
D. Mối liên hệ giữa hoạt động thần kinh và hành vi uống ép buộc
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn đầu:
“These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

(“Những nhà nghiên cứu này không chỉ định nghĩa một mạch não mới liên quan đến việc uống ép buộc, mà còn cho thấy sự khác biệt độc đáo ở mức độ hoạt động điện trong các tế bào thần kinh bao gồm mạch này,” Nixon nói. “Sự khác biệt độc đáo trong hoạt động điện dự đoán những con chuột sẽ tiếp tục uống một cách gượng ép sau một lần uống giống như uống cùng một lượng rượu trong lần đó.”)

Câu 3:

Commentary from researchers in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Austin in the journal Science provide new findings in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research. The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model. “These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

The research group previously found that this circuit is important for responses to aversive events, and they have now asked why aversive outcomes don’t deter everyone from drinking alcohol. These new findings point to a neurological explanation for why only some mice continue to drink alcohol even when it comes with negative consequences. “They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. “In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity. Also, the discovery of this circuit’s role in compulsive drinking suggests that there may be novel pharmacological targets that could be identified and developed for the treatment of AUDs.

(Source: https://news.utexas.edu/)

According to paragraph 2, what is the nature of the compulsive behaviours of people with AUD?

A. They are essentially powerful.

B. They are innately set up by genes.

C. They are acquired through experience.

D. They are normal for a person to have.

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Đáp án B

Theo đoạn 2, bản chất của các hành vi cưỡng chế của người có AUD?
A. Chúng cơ bản là mạnh mẽ.
B. Chúng được thiết lập bẩm sinh bởi gen.
C. Chúng có được thông qua kinh nghiệm.
D. Chúng là bình thường đối với một người có.
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn hai:
“They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

(Họ đã nhận thấy những sự khác biệt trong hoạt động mạch trước khi chuột phát triển hành vi uống ép buộc,” Mangieri nói. Nói cách khác, một số con chuột có khuynh hướng sinh học khiến chúng dễ bị phát triển các hành vi uống rượu tương tự như con người có AUD.)

Câu 4:

Commentary from researchers in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Austin in the journal Science provide new findings in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research. The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model. “These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

The research group previously found that this circuit is important for responses to aversive events, and they have now asked why aversive outcomes don’t deter everyone from drinking alcohol. These new findings point to a neurological explanation for why only some mice continue to drink alcohol even when it comes with negative consequences. “They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. “In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity. Also, the discovery of this circuit’s role in compulsive drinking suggests that there may be novel pharmacological targets that could be identified and developed for the treatment of AUDs.

(Source: https://news.utexas.edu/)

The word “It” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

A. Circuit

B. Work

C. Group

D. Activity

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Đáp án B

Từ “it” trong đoạn 3 đề cập đến ________.
A. Mạch
B. Công việc
C. Nhóm
D. Hoạt động
Từ “it” ở đây dùng để thay thế cho danh từ công việc được nhắc tới trước đó.
The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity.

(Các nhà nghiên cứu cho biết công việc có ý nghĩa quan trọng. Nó có tiềm năng như một dấu ấn sinh học của xu hướng để phát triển AUD dựa trên hoạt động điện.)

Câu 5:

Commentary from researchers in the College of Pharmacy at The University of Texas at Austin in the journal Science provide new findings in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research. The article, “Compelled to drink: Why some cannot stop,” considers recent findings by researchers Siciliano et al. that discovered individual differences in the activity of neurons in a frontal cortex to brain stem circuit that predicts the later escalation of alcohol drinking to compulsive intake in a mouse model. “These researchers not only defined a new brain circuit involved in compulsive drinking, but showed individual differences at the level of electrical activity in the neurons that comprise this circuit,” Nixon said. “The individual differences in electrical activity predicted which mice would go on to drink compulsively after a binge-like drinking episode despite drinking the same amount of alcohol during that episode.”

The research group previously found that this circuit is important for responses to aversive events, and they have now asked why aversive outcomes don’t deter everyone from drinking alcohol. These new findings point to a neurological explanation for why only some mice continue to drink alcohol even when it comes with negative consequences. “They found these differences in circuit activity before mice developed compulsive drinking behavior,” Mangieri said. “In other words, some mice had a biological predisposition that made them susceptible to developing alcohol drinking behaviors that are similar to humans with AUD.”

The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity. Also, the discovery of this circuit’s role in compulsive drinking suggests that there may be novel pharmacological targets that could be identified and developed for the treatment of AUDs.

(Source: https://news.utexas.edu/)

The word “propensity” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.

A. appetite

B. liability

C. weakness

D. inclination

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Đáp án D

Từ “propensity” trong đoạn 3 có thể được thay thế bằng ________.
A. sự ngon miệng
B. trách nhiệm pháp lý
C. khuyết điểm
D. xu hướng
Từ đồng nghĩa propensity (xu hướng) = inclination
The researchers said the work has important implications. It has potential as a biomarker of propensity to develop severe AUD based on electrical activity.

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