Topic 28: Nature in danger (Phần 2)

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Câu 1:

Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

The “weeds” competing with the farmers’ crops include wild flowers and many of these have become endangered through the use of herbicides. Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides. One of the reasons why the Barn Owl is endangered is due to a shortage of insects and it may also be poisoned by eating insects affected by chemical sprays.

The case of DDT and other chemicals known as organo-chlorines is well known. These were first used extensively in the 1950s, sprayed onto crops to kill insect pests. Unfortunately, after a few years, it was noticed that birds of prey were rapidly declining in numbers and thousands of seed-eating birds were dying. By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays. The organo-chlorines also caused many birds to lay thin shelled eggs, which cracked easily.

Research showed that the chemicals were entering the food chains and being stored in the fat of the animals’ bodies. For example, a thrush may eat snails which have eaten a sprayed cabbage plant. The thrush may not have eaten enough poison to be actually killed but a sparrowhawk eating several thrushes accumulates so much of the poison that it is killed. The chemicals become more concentrated as they travel up the food chain. Even most humans still have small amounts of organo-chlorines in their fatty tissues although these chemicals had been withdrawn from use by 1976. They are still used, however, in some Third World countries. By the 1980s, the sparrowhawk population had recovered dramatically and it is once again a common bird. This example shows just how dangerous the use of chemicals in the environment can be.

As mentioned earlier, some plants are endangered through collectors such as the Venus fly-trap and some tropical orchids, but most threatened plants have become so through the destruction of their habitat. Once very common plants have almost disappeared because of the way humans have changed the land. For example, the Egyptian Papyrus, a type of reed, had been used for thousands of years for all sorts of things such as paper, medicine, boats, baskets, food etc. Then, when changes in the irrigation methods on the river Nile were introduced, this valuable plant almost completely disappeared. It was thought to be extinct until 1968 when a few plants were found in an undisturbed waterway. Orchids have been also collected from rainforests to become household favourites, causing many species to become endangered.

(Source: https://ypte.org.uk/)

Which of the following could best reflect the purpose of the author in the passage?

A. The author wishes to raise people’s awareness of how species are disappeared.

B. The author wants to imply that human activities are responsible for species extinction.

C. The author tries to provide evidence of species that have already been eliminated.

D. The author wants to indicate how chemicals and pollution contribute to animal extinction.

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Đáp án B

Điều nào sau đây có thể phản ánh đúng nhất mục đích của tác giả trong đoạn văn?
A. Tác giả muốn nâng cao nhận thức của mọi người về các loài biến mất như thế nào.
B. Tác giả muốn ám chỉ rằng các hoạt động của con người chịu trách nhiệm cho sự tuyệt chủng của loài
C. Tác giả cố gắng cung cấp bằng chứng về các loài đã bị loại bỏ.
D. Tác giả muốn chỉ ra làm thế nào hóa chất và ô nhiễm góp phần tuyệt chủng động vật.
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn đầu:
Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

(Nơi con người trồng cây làm thức ăn, trừ khi chúng là chất hữu cơ, những hóa chất độc hại đã được phun lên chúng; thuốc trừ sâu được sử dụng để diệt côn trùng và thuốc diệt cỏ được sử dụng để diệt cỏ dại. Thuốc diệt nấm chống lại bệnh nấm. Phân bón nhân tạo được thêm vào đất để tăng năng suất của cây trồng. Nếu các hóa chất này được sử dụng quá mức, một số trong số chúng hòa tan trong nước mưa và thoát ra sông, suối và ao, gây ô nhiễm nước và giết chết động vật hoang dã.)
Như vậy, đoạn văn đang nói về những hoạt động trong nông nghiệp có thể làm ảnh hưởng lớn đến môi trường tự nhiên.

Câu 2:

Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

The “weeds” competing with the farmers’ crops include wild flowers and many of these have become endangered through the use of herbicides. Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides. One of the reasons why the Barn Owl is endangered is due to a shortage of insects and it may also be poisoned by eating insects affected by chemical sprays.

The case of DDT and other chemicals known as organo-chlorines is well known. These were first used extensively in the 1950s, sprayed onto crops to kill insect pests. Unfortunately, after a few years, it was noticed that birds of prey were rapidly declining in numbers and thousands of seed-eating birds were dying. By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays. The organo-chlorines also caused many birds to lay thin shelled eggs, which cracked easily.

Research showed that the chemicals were entering the food chains and being stored in the fat of the animals’ bodies. For example, a thrush may eat snails which have eaten a sprayed cabbage plant. The thrush may not have eaten enough poison to be actually killed but a sparrowhawk eating several thrushes accumulates so much of the poison that it is killed. The chemicals become more concentrated as they travel up the food chain. Even most humans still have small amounts of organo-chlorines in their fatty tissues although these chemicals had been withdrawn from use by 1976. They are still used, however, in some Third World countries. By the 1980s, the sparrowhawk population had recovered dramatically and it is once again a common bird. This example shows just how dangerous the use of chemicals in the environment can be.

As mentioned earlier, some plants are endangered through collectors such as the Venus fly-trap and some tropical orchids, but most threatened plants have become so through the destruction of their habitat. Once very common plants have almost disappeared because of the way humans have changed the land. For example, the Egyptian Papyrus, a type of reed, had been used for thousands of years for all sorts of things such as paper, medicine, boats, baskets, food etc. Then, when changes in the irrigation methods on the river Nile were introduced, this valuable plant almost completely disappeared. It was thought to be extinct until 1968 when a few plants were found in an undisturbed waterway. Orchids have been also collected from rainforests to become household favourites, causing many species to become endangered.

(Source: https://ypte.org.uk/)

The word “yield” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.

A. production

B. nutrition

C. quality

D. fertility

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Đáp án A

Từ “yield” trong đoạn đầu tiên có nghĩa gần nhất với __________.
A. sự sản xuất
B. dinh dưỡng
C. chất lượng
D. khả năng sinh sản
Từ đồng nghĩa yield (năng suất) = production
Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

(Phân bón nhân tạo được thêm vào đất để tăng năng suất của cây trồng. Nếu các hóa chất này được sử dụng quá mức, một số trong số chúng hòa tan vào trong nước mưa và thoát ra sông, suối và ao, gây ô nhiễm nước và giết chết động vật hoang dã.)

Câu 3:

Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

The “weeds” competing with the farmers’ crops include wild flowers and many of these have become endangered through the use of herbicides. Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides. One of the reasons why the Barn Owl is endangered is due to a shortage of insects and it may also be poisoned by eating insects affected by chemical sprays.

The case of DDT and other chemicals known as organo-chlorines is well known. These were first used extensively in the 1950s, sprayed onto crops to kill insect pests. Unfortunately, after a few years, it was noticed that birds of prey were rapidly declining in numbers and thousands of seed-eating birds were dying. By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays. The organo-chlorines also caused many birds to lay thin shelled eggs, which cracked easily.

Research showed that the chemicals were entering the food chains and being stored in the fat of the animals’ bodies. For example, a thrush may eat snails which have eaten a sprayed cabbage plant. The thrush may not have eaten enough poison to be actually killed but a sparrowhawk eating several thrushes accumulates so much of the poison that it is killed. The chemicals become more concentrated as they travel up the food chain. Even most humans still have small amounts of organo-chlorines in their fatty tissues although these chemicals had been withdrawn from use by 1976. They are still used, however, in some Third World countries. By the 1980s, the sparrowhawk population had recovered dramatically and it is once again a common bird. This example shows just how dangerous the use of chemicals in the environment can be.

As mentioned earlier, some plants are endangered through collectors such as the Venus fly-trap and some tropical orchids, but most threatened plants have become so through the destruction of their habitat. Once very common plants have almost disappeared because of the way humans have changed the land. For example, the Egyptian Papyrus, a type of reed, had been used for thousands of years for all sorts of things such as paper, medicine, boats, baskets, food etc. Then, when changes in the irrigation methods on the river Nile were introduced, this valuable plant almost completely disappeared. It was thought to be extinct until 1968 when a few plants were found in an undisturbed waterway. Orchids have been also collected from rainforests to become household favourites, causing many species to become endangered.

(Source: https://ypte.org.uk/)

What will happen to the insect-eating birds if the weeds are in danger?

A. They will not have materials to make nests in breeding seasons.

B. They must find rely on other kinds of insects when the vegetation is limited.

C. They will experience a downward trend in the number on account of food shortage.

D. They may compete with many species to have crops for food.

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Đáp án C

Điều gì sẽ xảy ra với những con chim ăn côn trùng nếu cỏ dại gặp nguy hiểm?
A. Chúng sẽ không có nguyên liệu để làm tổ trong mùa sinh sản.
B. Chúng phải tìm cách dựa vào các loại côn trùng khác khi thảm thực vật bị hạn chế.
C. Chúng sẽ trải qua một xu hướng giảm về số lượng vì thiếu lương thực.
D. Chúng có thể cạnh tranh với nhiều loài để có cây trồng làm thức ăn.
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn hai:
Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides.

(Côn trùng dựa vào thực vật để làm thức ăn và nơi sinh sản vì vậy số lượng của chúng sẽ bị ảnh hưởng bởi việc giảm số lượng cây trồng. Nhiều loài chim phụ thuộc vào côn trùng làm thức ăn nên số lượng chim có thể bị ảnh hưởng bởi việc sử dụng cả thuốc trừ sâu và thuốc diệt cỏ.)

Câu 4:

Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

The “weeds” competing with the farmers’ crops include wild flowers and many of these have become endangered through the use of herbicides. Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides. One of the reasons why the Barn Owl is endangered is due to a shortage of insects and it may also be poisoned by eating insects affected by chemical sprays.

The case of DDT and other chemicals known as organo-chlorines is well known. These were first used extensively in the 1950s, sprayed onto crops to kill insect pests. Unfortunately, after a few years, it was noticed that birds of prey were rapidly declining in numbers and thousands of seed-eating birds were dying. By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays. The organo-chlorines also caused many birds to lay thin shelled eggs, which cracked easily.

Research showed that the chemicals were entering the food chains and being stored in the fat of the animals’ bodies. For example, a thrush may eat snails which have eaten a sprayed cabbage plant. The thrush may not have eaten enough poison to be actually killed but a sparrowhawk eating several thrushes accumulates so much of the poison that it is killed. The chemicals become more concentrated as they travel up the food chain. Even most humans still have small amounts of organo-chlorines in their fatty tissues although these chemicals had been withdrawn from use by 1976. They are still used, however, in some Third World countries. By the 1980s, the sparrowhawk population had recovered dramatically and it is once again a common bird. This example shows just how dangerous the use of chemicals in the environment can be.

As mentioned earlier, some plants are endangered through collectors such as the Venus fly-trap and some tropical orchids, but most threatened plants have become so through the destruction of their habitat. Once very common plants have almost disappeared because of the way humans have changed the land. For example, the Egyptian Papyrus, a type of reed, had been used for thousands of years for all sorts of things such as paper, medicine, boats, baskets, food etc. Then, when changes in the irrigation methods on the river Nile were introduced, this valuable plant almost completely disappeared. It was thought to be extinct until 1968 when a few plants were found in an undisturbed waterway. Orchids have been also collected from rainforests to become household favourites, causing many species to become endangered.

(Source: https://ypte.org.uk/)

According to the passage, sparrow hawks are described as a species that ___________.

A. depended on their enemy to survive when the number of seeds declined.

B. was killed by the toxics of insecticides used for crops containing inside the insects’ body.

C. was poisoned by eating the chemical sprays on the weeds.

D. laid broken eggs due to the consequences of lack of nutrient insect pests.

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Đáp án B

Theo đoạn văn, chim bồ két được mô tả là một loài mà __________.
A. phụ thuộc vào kẻ thù của họ để sống sót khi số lượng hạt giống giảm.
B. đã bị giết bởi chất độc của thuốc trừ sâu được sử dụng cho các loại cây trồng có chứa bên trong cơ thể côn trùng.
C. đã bị đầu độc bằng cách ăn thuốc xịt hóa học trên cỏ dại.
D. đẻ trứng vỡ do hậu quả của việc thiếu côn trùng gây hại.
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn ba:
By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays.

(Đến thập niên 1960, chim bồ két phổ biến một thời là loài chim quý hiếm ở Anh. Chim bồ két là loài chim ăn hạt giống, loài mà mang theo thuốc trừ sâu độc hại bên trong cơ thể chúng. Do đó, nhiều chim bồ két và các loài chim săn mồi khác đang gián tiếp bị nhiễm độc bởi thuốc xịt hóa học.)

Câu 5:

Where humans have planted crops for food, unless they are organic, poisonous chemicals have been sprayed on them; insecticides are used to kill insect pests and herbicides are used to kill weeds. Fungicides fight off fungal diseases. Artificial fertilizers are added to the soil to increase the yield of the crops. If these chemicals are used in excess, some of them dissolve in rainwater and drain into rivers, streams and ponds, polluting the water and killing the wildlife.

The “weeds” competing with the farmers’ crops include wild flowers and many of these have become endangered through the use of herbicides. Insects rely on plants for food and breeding sites so the number of these are affected by a reduction in the number of plants. Many birds depend on insects for food so the numbers of birds may be affected by the use of both insecticides and herbicides. One of the reasons why the Barn Owl is endangered is due to a shortage of insects and it may also be poisoned by eating insects affected by chemical sprays.

The case of DDT and other chemicals known as organo-chlorines is well known. These were first used extensively in the 1950s, sprayed onto crops to kill insect pests. Unfortunately, after a few years, it was noticed that birds of prey were rapidly declining in numbers and thousands of seed-eating birds were dying. By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays. The organo-chlorines also caused many birds to lay thin shelled eggs, which cracked easily.

Research showed that the chemicals were entering the food chains and being stored in the fat of the animals’ bodies. For example, a thrush may eat snails which have eaten a sprayed cabbage plant. The thrush may not have eaten enough poison to be actually killed but a sparrowhawk eating several thrushes accumulates so much of the poison that it is killed. The chemicals become more concentrated as they travel up the food chain. Even most humans still have small amounts of organo-chlorines in their fatty tissues although these chemicals had been withdrawn from use by 1976. They are still used, however, in some Third World countries. By the 1980s, the sparrowhawk population had recovered dramatically and it is once again a common bird. This example shows just how dangerous the use of chemicals in the environment can be.

As mentioned earlier, some plants are endangered through collectors such as the Venus fly-trap and some tropical orchids, but most threatened plants have become so through the destruction of their habitat. Once very common plants have almost disappeared because of the way humans have changed the land. For example, the Egyptian Papyrus, a type of reed, had been used for thousands of years for all sorts of things such as paper, medicine, boats, baskets, food etc. Then, when changes in the irrigation methods on the river Nile were introduced, this valuable plant almost completely disappeared. It was thought to be extinct until 1968 when a few plants were found in an undisturbed waterway. Orchids have been also collected from rainforests to become household favourites, causing many species to become endangered.

(Source: https://ypte.org.uk/)

The word “their” in paragraph 3 refers to ______________.

A. insecticides

B. sparrow hawks

C. seed-eating birds

D. insect-eating birds

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Đáp án C

Từ “their” trong đoạn 3 nói đến __________.
A. thuốc trừ sâu
B. chim bồ cắt
C. chim ăn hạt giống
D. chim ăn côn trùng
Từ “their” ở đây dùng để thay thế cho sở hữu của loài chim ăn hạt giống được nhắc tới trước đó.
By the 1960s, the once common sparrow hawk was a rare bird in Britain. The sparrow hawk’s prey was the seed-eating birds which were carrying the poisonous insecticides in their bodies. Consequently, many sparrow hawks and other birds of prey were being indirectly poisoned by the chemical sprays.

(Đến thập niên 1960, chim bồ két phổ biến một thời là loài chim quý hiếm ở Anh. Chim bồ két là loài chim ăn hạt giống, loài mà mang theo thuốc trừ sâu độc hại bên trong cơ thể chúng. Do đó, nhiều chim bồ cắt và các loài chim săn mồi khác đang gián tiếp bị nhiễm độc bởi thuốc xịt hóa học.)

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