20 BỘ ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1 NĂM HỌC 2018 - 2019 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH(ĐỀ 15)
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Danh sách câu hỏi:
Câu 1/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
The best title for the passage is _________
A. human habit of displaying emotions
B. a review of research on emotional expressions
C. ways to control emotional expressions
D. cultural universals in emotional expressions
Lời giải
Chọn D
Tiêu đề chính của đoạn văn là:
A. Thói quen của con người về biểu lộ xúc cảm
B. Bình luận về các nghiên cứu về biểu lộ xúc cảm
C. Cách kiểm soát biểu lộ xúc cảm
D. Sự phổ biến trong sự biểu lộ xúc cảm
Dẫn chứng: “You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. .”
Tạm dịch: Bạn thường có thể nói được khi bạn mình hạnh phúc hay tức giận qua vẻ nhìn trên khuôn mặt họ hoặc qua hành động của họ.
Câu 2/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
The word “evolved” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______
A. reduced
B. increased
C. simplified
D. developed
Lời giải
Chọn D
Từ “ evolved” ( phát triển ) trong đoạn số 1 gần nghĩa nhất với từ:
A. giảm B. tăng
C. đơn giản hóa D. phát triển
=> to evolve = to develop : phát triển, tiến hoá
Câu 3/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether _________
A. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth
B. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth
C. different cultures have similar emotional expressions
D. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar
Lời giải
Chọn C
Nhiều nghiên cứu về mặt diễn đạt cảm xúc cố gắng tìm câu trả lời cho câu hỏi:
A. Mở tròn miệng có cùng ý nghĩa ở Minneapolis và Madagascar.
B. Nhướn lông mày có ý nghĩa tương tự như mở tròn miệng
C. Các vùng văn hóa khác nhau có cách diễn đạt cảm xúc tương tự nhau
D. Nhướn lông mày có ý nghĩa giống nhau ở Minneapolis và Madagascar.
Dẫn chứng: “Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.”
Tạm dịch: Nghiên cứu bởi nhóm của Ekman đã chứng minh rằng con người có cùng 1 bộ biểu cảm cho thất sự tương đồng sinh học của các giống người. Ví dụ, cười, biểu hiện của hạnh phúc và cau mày, biểu lộ sự buồn bã trên khuôn mặt ở những nơi như Argentina, Nhật, Thuỵ Điển, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, Mỹ, Việt Nam, khu rừng rậm của New Guinea, và làng người Eskimo ở bắc cực. Ekman và đồng sự cho rằng con người khắp mọi nơi có thể nhận ra ít nhất 7 cảm xúc cơ bản : buồn, lo, giận, ghê tởm, khinh miệt, hạnh phúc, và ngạc nhiên.
Câu 4/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of ______
A. investigators on universal emotional expressions
B. researchers who can speak and understand many languages
C. researchers on universal language
D. lacked many main ingredients
Lời giải
Chọn A
Paul Ekman được nhắc đến trong bài văn như một ví dụ về :
A. Nhà nghiên cứu về biểu cảm cảm xúc
B. Nhà nghiên cứu có thể nói và hiểu nhiều ngôn ngữ
C. Nhà nghiên cứu về ngôn ngữ phổ biến
D. Thiếu hụt nhiều nguyên liệu chính
Dẫn chứng: “Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle.”
Tạm dịch: Ví dụ, cười, biểu hiện của hạnh phúc và cau mày, biểu lộ sự buồn bã trên khuôn mặt ở những nơi như Argentina, Nhật, Thuỵ Điển, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, Mỹ, Việt Nam, khu rừng rậm của New Guinea, và làng người Eskimo ở bắc cực. Ekman
Câu 5/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
Smiles and frowns ____________
A. have different meaning in different cultures.
B. are universal expressions across cultures.
C. do not convey the same emotions in various cultures.
D. are not popular everywhere.
Lời giải
Chọn B
Những nụ cười và những cái nhăn trán_____
A. Có ý nghĩa khác nhau trong các nền văn hóa khác nhau
B. Có sự thể hiện phổ biến qua các nền văn hóa
C. không truyền đạt những cảm xúc giống nhau trong các nền văn hóa khác nhau
D. không phổ biến ở mọi nơi.
Dẫn chứng: “According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. ”
Tạm dịch: Theo Paul Ekman, nhà nghiên cứu hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực này, người ta nói và hiểu chủ yếu cùng 1 “ngôn ngữ khuôn mặt”.
Câu 6/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to______.
A. display their emotions openly.
B. change their behaviour.
C. control their emotions
D. conceal their positive emotions.
Lời giải
Chọn D
Không giống với trẻ em người Mỹ, trẻ em Châu Á được khuyến khích ______
A. Biểu hiện cảm xúc của mình một cách tự do.
B. thay đổi cách ứng xử.
C. che giấu những cảm xúc tích cực.
D. kiểm soát cảm xúc của mình
Dẫn chứng: “ In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses”
Tạm dịch: Ví dụ ở nhiều quốc gia Châu Á, trẻ em được dạy kiểm soát phản ứng cảm xúc của mình.
Câu 7/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
The word “negative” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to __________
A. positive
B. enthusiastic
C. opposing
D. affirmative
Lời giải
Chọn C
Từ “ negative” (tiêu cực) ở đoạn số 2 gần nghĩa nhất với từ nào____
A. tích cực
B. nhiệt tình
C. phản đối, chống đối
D. khẳng định, đồng ý
=> Negative ~ opposing
Câu 8/50
Reading the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman’s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions : sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise.
There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so-called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people’s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people’s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
(Adapted from https://www.booksource.com)
The phrase “This evidence” in paragraph 3 refers to ________
A. the fact that children can control their feelings
B. human facial expressions
C. a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
D. the fact that children are good at recognizing others’ emotions
Lời giải
Chọn D
Cụm từ “ This evidence” ( Dẫn chứng này) trong đoạn số 3 ám chỉ đến_____
A. Sự thật rằng những đứa trẻ có thể kiểm soát xúc cảm
B. Biểu cảm khuôn mặt con người
C. Một nền tảng sinh học cho xúc cảm con người
D. Sự thật rằng những đứa trẻ giỏi về việc nhận ra xúc cảm người khác
DỊCH BÀI ĐỌC
Bạn thường có thể nói được khi bạn mình hạnh phúc hay tức giận qua vẻ nhìn trên khuôn mặt họ hoặc qua hành động của họ. Điều này thật hữu ích vì đọc được biểu cảm giúp bạn biết cách để phản ứng lại với những tình huống quan trọng và để biểu lộ sự chú ý của chúng ta đến những người khác. Nhưng việc nhướn mày và tròn môi có cùng nghĩa ở Minneapolis và Madagascar ? Nhiều nghiên cứu về biểu cảm đã đặt trọng tâm vào những câu hỏi như thế.
Theo Paul Ekman, nhà nghiên cứu hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực này, người ta nói và hiểu chủ yếu cùng 1 “ngôn ngữ khuôn mặt”. Nghiên cứu bởi nhóm của Ekman đã chứng minh rằng con người có cùng 1 bộ biểu cảm cho thất sự tương đồng sinh học của các giống người. Ví dụ, cười, biểu hiện của hạnh phúc và cau mày, biểu lộ sự buồn bã trên khuôn mặt ở những nơi như Argentina, Nhật, Thuỵ Điển, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, Mỹ, Việt Nam, khu rừng rậm của New Guinea, và làng người Eskimo ở bắc cực. Ekman và đồng sự cho rằng con người khắp mọi nơi có thể nhận ra ít nhất 7 cảm xúc cơ bản : buồn, lo, giận, ghê tởm, khinh miệt, hạnh phúc, và ngạc nhiên. Tuy vậy, có 1 sự khác biệt lớn giữa các văn hoá khác nhau về cả nội dung và chủ ý biểu đạt cảm xúc – cái gọi là phản hồi xúc cảm. Ở những quốc gia Châu Á, trẻ em được dạy kiểm soát biểu đạt cảm xúc - đặc biệt là những xúc cảm tiêu cực – trong khi nhiều trẻ em Mỹ được khuyến khích biểu lộ xúc cảm tự do hơn. Dẫu khác biệt văn hoá, xúc cảm thường biểu lộ chính bản than chúng, với một mức độ nào đó, trong cách hành xử của con người. Từ những ngày đầu tiên trong cuộc đời, trẻ sơ sinh đã sản sinh những biểu lộ khuôn mặt thể hiện xúc cảm của chúng.
Khả năng đọc biểu cảm khuôn mặt phát triển cũng rất nhanh chóng. Nhiều trẻ chú ý nhiều đến biểu cảm khuôn mặt, và khi ở 5 tuổi, chúng gần như bằng với người lớn về kĩ năng đọc biểu cảm trên khuôn mặt người. Chứng cứ này dẫn đến nền móng sinh học cho khả năng biểu lộ và thông dịch 1 bộ biểu cảm người cơ bản. Hơn nữa, như Chales Dawin đã chỉ ra hơn 100 năm trước, vài biểu cảm có vẻ vượt qua giới hạn chủng loài. Các nhà tâm lý học ở các nền văn hoá khác nhau cho ta biết rằng những phản hồi xúc cảm nhất định có những ý nghĩa khác nhau ở các nền văn hoá khác nhau. Ví dụ, biểu cảm nào bạn cho là được biểu thị khi người ta lên uốn công lưỡi ? Đối với người Mỹ, điều này biểu lộ sự ghê tởm, trong khi ở Trung Quốc, có có thể thể hiện sự ngạc nhiên. Tương tự, 1 nụ cười khểnh ở khuôn mặt người Mỹ có thể thể hiện sự thích thú, trong khi ở Nhật có chỉ đơn giản có nghĩa là thẹn thùng. Rõ ràng, văn hoá tác động đến biểu cảm cảm xúc.
Lời giải
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Câu 10/50
A. have taken
B. take
C. would take
D. will take
Lời giải
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Câu 11/50
A. have been arguing
B. had been arguing
C. argued
D. would argue
Lời giải
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Câu 12/50
A. although
B. because of
C. despite
D. because
Lời giải
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Lời giải
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Câu 14/50
A. On arriving
B. On she arrives
C. On arrival
D. When arrived
Lời giải
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Câu 15/50
A. electing
B. elected
C. being elected
D. elect
Lời giải
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Câu 16/50
A. being treated
B. treating
C. to be treated
D. treat
Lời giải
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Câu 17/50
A. dependent
B. independent
C. depending
D. dependable
Lời giải
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Câu 18/50
A. Slowing
B. Reducing
C. Declining
D. Dropping
Lời giải
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Lời giải
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Câu 20/50
A. qualifications
B. knowledge
C. techniques
D. skills
Lời giải
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Còn 42/50 câu hỏi, đáp án và lời giải chi tiết.
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