(2024) Đề minh họa tham khảo BGD môn Tiếng Anh có đáp án (Đề 26)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

In the 1980s the fast-growing green movement, dominated by Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace and the World Wide Fund for Nature, insisted that saving wildlife, mending the hole in the ozone layer, stopping acid rain and (26) ________ climate change were non-political. Campaigners agreed everyone wanted to leave their children as good a planet as they inherited. (27) ________ then progress has been made on mending the ozone layer and stopping acid rain but few are now pretending that environmental issues are non-partisan.

Rightwing thinktanks in Britain advocate more drilling in the North Sea for oil and gas. They back the nuclear industry, knowing that the chances of getting a new power station up and running in (28) ________ than 15 years are unlikely, so preserving the market for fossil fuels longer. And they claim that wind and solar, (29) ________ can be built quickly, are expensive when all the evidence is that they are the cheapest form of energy.

They continue to make their arguments even as the climate crisis increasingly causes havoc across the world. It is hard not to conclude that claims that net zero by 2050 is either (30) _______ or too expensive is the latest ploy to keep oil and gas profits flowing at the expense of the next generation.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. 

The number of cancer cases diagnosed around the world each year has risen by almost a third in the past decade as increasing life expectancy means millions of more people will be diagnosed in their lifetime. Researchers said there was also cause for concern in the rise in skin, lung and colorectal cancers, which could largely be prevented by addressing lifestyle habits like smoking and diet. The Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration audits diagnosis rates and deaths of 29 types of cancer around the world each year. This is an increase of 28 per cent in new cancers between 2006 and 2016, much of which is attributed to an expanding and ageing population as well as screening and diagnostics which can catch cancers sooner.

However, the biggest growth has been seen in low and middle income countries - emerging markets which have been targeted by tobacco giants and an influx of cheap convenience foods in recent decades. The increasing popularity of alcohol alongside processed foods and sedentary lifestyles are also factors that have contributed to a rise in colorectal cancers above the level expected from population growth alone. Australia and New Zealand have some of the highest rates of cancer diagnosis, the audit found.

“While the increase in lung, colorectal, and skin cancers over the past decade is concerning, the prevention potential is substantial,” said Dr Christina Fitzmaurice, assistant professor of global health at the University of Washington. Vital prevention efforts such as tobacco control, dietary interventions, and broader health promotion campaigns need to be scaled up in response to this rise in lifestyle-related cancers.

However, this also shows the inequities that remain in cancer care. Women in less economically developed countries, where costly vaccination and screening programmes are less common, are four times more likely to develop cervical cancer and it is the biggest cancer killer in these regions. “Ensuring universal access to health care is a vital prerequisite for early detection and cancer treatment,” said Dr Fitzmaurice. “Improving access to advanced diagnostic technologies not commonly available in low-SDI countries is a critical step towards achieving health equity globally.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequently determined by a score on a general intelligence test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around the top 2-5%. Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way intelligence is used. For example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s IQ scores were compared with their home educational provision (Freeman, 2010). The higher the children’s IQ scores, especially over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc. 

Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high standard in any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to work with and focused challenging tuition - and the encouragement to follow their dream. There appears to be a qualitative difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation. 

Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers. Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’ learning autonomy. Although ‘spoon-feeding’ can produce extremely high examination results, these are not always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much dependence on the teachers risks loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. 

But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level than those who do not (Elshout, 1995). Research with creative scientists by Simonton(1988) brought him to the conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of effort and time needed for learning and practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise mixed with a high level of motivation (Weisberg, 1993).